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Heraclitus: Fragments
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In his fragments Heraclitus does not explicitly criticize the Milesians, and it is likely that he saw them as the most progressive of previous thinkers. He does tacitly criticize Anaximander for not appreciating the role of injustice in the world (B80), while he might have expressed some admiration for Thales (B38). His views can be seen to embody structural criticisms of Milesian principles, but even in correcting the Milesians he built on their foundations.
From the onset, Heraclitus stresses the special status of That which is wise. That which is wise has no opposite, which is not the case for “all things”: “ All things happen through opposition and necessity” (fragment 109) and that is “harmony through opposite tensions” (fragment 108). The harmony of That which is wise is transcending: this is Heraclitus message. “The hidden harmony is superior to the visible one” (fragment 112). The light Heraclitus beckons to is the light of the Obscure, not light as opposed to the obscure. That is “the true light that enlightens every man”, as heralded John in the prologue of his Gospel.
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It is unlikely that Heraclitus was an extreme fluxist. His discussions of change in general, and the river fragments in particular, suggest that he thought that change and permanence could co-exist, that is, that an object could persist in spite of continually undergoing change in some respect or other.
This sounds more like a genuine quotation from Heraclitus. It fits the pattern of the "unity of opposites" fragments: suppose you step in the water of a river. What you step in is both the same and different. So the pair of contraries - same and different - are coinstantiated in the same object.
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