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Headaches: Brains
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Headaches that are caused by brain tumors, post-injury hematomas, dental problems, or disorders affecting the spinal disks usually require surgical treatment. Surgery may ... be used to treat cases of idiopathic intracranial hypertension that do not respond to treatment with steroids, repeated lumbar punctures, or weight reduction.
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Sleep has an indirect role with headaches. When it's too warm in the house or you have too many covers on the bed, the body heats up and you'll have less restful sleep, which in turn increases headaches. A lot of people do something called "turtling," in which they pull the covers over their face if it's too cold in the house (like a turtle hiding in a shell). If you do this, you're breathing the same air over and over. The problem is that you're breathing carbon dioxide. There is less oxygen going into your brain, which may trigger a headache.
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Rarely, headaches are caused by a serious disorder. Such disorders include a head injury, stroke, bulge in the wall of an artery supplying the brain (cerebral aneurysm), brain infection (brain abscess, meningitis, and encephalitis), and blood vessel (arteriovenous) malformation near the brain. Infections such as tuberculosis may affect the brain and cause headaches. Disorders that increase pressure within the skull can cause headaches by putting pressure on the brain. Examples are a brain tumor, bleeding (hemorrhage), an accumulation of blood (hematoma), and pseudotumor cerebri (see What Is Pseudotumor Cerebri?), in which pressure within the skull increases but no cause can be identified.
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A physician may suggest that a patient with unusual headaches undergo a computed tomographic (CT) scan. The CT scan produces images of the brain that show variations in the density of different types of tissue. The scan enables the physician to distinguish, for example, between a bleeding blood vessel in the brain and a brain tumor. The CT scan is an important diagnostic tool in cases of headache associated with brain lesions or other serious diseases. Experts generally agree... that this sophisticated and expensive technology is not required to diagnose simple or periodic headache.
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Relatively little is know about the formation of headaches. Pain is relayed to the blood vessels and fine connective tissue on the brain's surface via free nerve endings. Brain tissue itself is not pain-receptive. Pain mediators possibly cause a kind of inflammation of the nerves which is then transmitted to the vessels of the meninges.
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Most headaches happen outside the skull, in the nerves, blood vessels, and muscles that cover the head and neck. The muscles or blood vessels can swell, tighten, or go through other changes that stimulate or put pressure on the surrounding nerves. These nerves send a rush of pain messages to the brain, which brings on a headache.
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