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Harriet Tubman: Union Army
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When Harriet Tubman was on scouting expeditions for African-Americans willing to join the Union Army, she was illiterate and could not take notes on vital data she collected. Therefore, she had to memorize all of her collected critical information.
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Described by historian Lerone Bennett as the "most remarkable of all Union spies," Tubman was ... recognized as "the first and possibly the last woman to lead U.S. Army troops in battle." Tubman was also at Fort Wagner when the all-black infantry, the 54th Massachusetts led by Robert Gould Shaw, was defeated. Ironically, despite Tubman's repeated requests and the intervention of then-Secretary of State William Seward and other military officials such as Colonel Thomas Wentworth Higginson and General Rufus Saxton, the U.S. government refused to pay Tubman her rightfully earned military wages or to grant her a military pension in recognition of her services to her country.
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During the Civil War Tubman served the Union Army. She nursed and cooked for white soldiers, for example, as well as for sick and starving blacks who sought protection behind Union lines. She acted as both a scout and a spy, often bravely leading Union raiding parties into Confederate territory. For this, she won the respect of many grateful Union officers.
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The United States government only gave Harriet Tubman $20.00 a month for her service with the Union Army. Even so, she had to wait 30 years to receive her checks. With limited funds and help from friends , she struggled to keep the home open.
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