LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Han Dynasty: Western Han Dynasty
built 627 days ago
In early time period of Former Han Dynasty (202 B.C. - A.D. 220), Han emeprors used to marry princess to Hunnic kings in exchange for peace, which proved to be futile. (Many times, the Han emperors used court maids of honour in lieu of princess. In contrast, later Tang Dynasty sent orthodox princess to Tibet.) By the middle of the second century B.C., the Huns controlled all of northern and western China north of the Yellow River. It would be during the reign of Emperor Wudi (140-86 BC) that the Chinese fought back.
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The Western Han Dynasty implemented the Shenyi (long coat) system, which featured a cicada-shaped hat, red clothes and "田"-shaped collar. In addition, people of that time wore jade articles and red shoes. The frock and skirt were sewn together in the Shenyi system. Underpants for memorial ceremonies were decorated with black brims, and those for court dress in feudal China were decorated with red brims. All the garments were collectively called as Chanyi (unlined garment).
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Chang'an City of the Han Dynasty was the capital of Western Han Dynasty (206 B.C. - 24 A.D.). It became a famous international metropolis after Zhang Qian (an explorer and diplomatic envoy) opened the route (the Silk Road) to the west. Chang'an in the east and Rome in the west were equally reputed as the largest and most prosperous cities in the world at that time. The construction of Chang'an City was started by the first emperor of Han Dynasty in 202 B.C. The city had been in use for about 800 years until 583 A.D. when the first emperor of the Sui Dynasty (581-618 A.D.) moved the capital to Daxing City. The site of Chang'an City of the Han Dynasty is located about 3 kilometres to the northwest of the present city of Xi'an. The ancient city was built in the shape of a square, with a circumference of 25.1 kilometres.
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Liu Bang established the powerful Han Dynasty in 206 B.C. During the Han Dynasty, agriculture, handicrafts and commerce flourished, and the population reached 50 million. During the most prosperous period of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wudi (140-87 B.C.) expanded from the Central Plains to the Western Regions (present-day Xinjiang and Central Asia). Emperor Wudi dispatched Zhang Qian twice as his envoy to the Western Regions, and in the process pioneered the route known as the "Silk Road" from Chang'an (today's Xi'an, Shaanxi Province), through Xinjiang and Central Asia, and on to the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea. China's silk goods were traded to the West along the Silk Road. As contacts between the East and West increased, Buddhism spread to China in the first century. In 105, an official named Cai Lun invented a technique for making fine paper, leading to a revolution in communications and learning.
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Western Han Dynasty