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Han Dynasty: Eastern Han Dynasty
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The Han Dynasty was actually two separate dynasties (Western Han and Eastern Han). The fall of the first great Han Empire inevitable came with disputes among vassal states that included the families of imperial consorts. The nephew of the last Empress of the Western Han, Wang Mang declared himself emperor of a new dynasty, the Hsing (New). His rise to Emperor gained tremendous public support and he adopted the ancient ways with a ceremony in which a precious stone
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Han Dynasty possessed the typical characteristics as far as the pattern of power corruption was concerned. There would appear 'empress power' ('in-law power'), 'eunuch power' and 'warlord power'. Gradually, the tripartitie functions lost their influences, and the departments like 'shangshu sheng' (state affairs) and 'zhongshu sheng' (secretariat) would weign on the emperors. The influence from people in palace, 'empress power', led to the demise of the Western Han. Wang Mang, who usurped Western Han and founded Xin Dynasty, derived his power from Empress Wang. All three forms of power corruption led to the demise of Eastern Han.
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During the late Western Han Dynasty, social conflicts intensified due to the annexation of lands and prevalence of extravagant and corruptive practices. In such turmoil, Wang Mang, the nephew of Emperor Yuandi's wife, usurped the throne and founded the Xin Dynasty (8-23). Soon after, peasant uprisings led by the Green Woodsmen and Red Eyebrows broke out around the country, leading to Wang's downfall. In 25, Liu Xiu restored the Han regime, which was called the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220) by Chinese historians.
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The costume code of the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-8AD) followed the one established in the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC). In the Eastern Han Dynasty, people in black had to wear purple silk adornments to match their clothes. People usually wore costume with a long hat at grand ceremonies offering sacrifices to gods or ancestors. The dress of the queen in these ceremonies consisted of dark-purple frock and black trousers. The silk dress of the queen consisted of cyan frock and buff trousers.
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In Chinese history, the Han Dynasty consisted of two dynasties: the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC - 24 AD) and the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 - 220). During the period there were 24 emperors on the throne. Many were excellent contributing to the prosperity of the country with Emperors Gaozu, Wen, Jing and Wu among them.
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The jade carving technique of the Han dynasty is famous for its straightforwardness and is known as the eight times of carving for each line. The main motif for western Han is the auspicious animal. The size of jade artifacts tends to become large due to the sufficient supply of Hotan jade. After eastern Han, the main motifs are the four auspicious creatures (dragon, phoenix, tiger, the couple of snake and turtle), cloud and eagle. Defferent from previous periods, Han Dynasty jades have modern Chinese characters reading long happiness, suitable for offsprings appeared on many bi-disks jades.
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Eastern Han Dynasty