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Hallucinations
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Hallucinations can be simple orcomplex. Simple hallucinations... referred to as elementaryor non-formed, consist of dots, colors, flashing lights, or geometric patterns. Hallucinations of defined images, such as objects, animals, or people, are considered complex or formed hallucinations. Disorders commonlyassociated with hallucinations include certain ocular phenomena, migraine, seizure, visual loss from any cause, neurodegenerative disorders, midbrain injury, alcohol or drug effects, narcolepsy, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and psychosis. Insight into the reality ofthe hallucinations varies with the associated condition or cause. Visual hallucinations can interfere with daily functioning and cause significant anxiety, even for patients with simple hallucinations and preserved insight.
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Hallucinations are sensations that are not real. Hallucinations occur while a person is awake. A person may see, hear, taste, smell, or feel something that is not there. Hallucinations can be frightening for the person having them and for anyone around them. When someone is having new or worsening hallucinations, it is important to keep calm and seek medical care as soon as possible.
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Hallucinations in general are difficult to elicit under hypnosis, and there is ilty between the various sensory modalities. Tactile hallucinations are comparatively easy to produce. Suggesting to a group of nons that they should notice that their noses are beginning to in effect in many of them. So will reading a paragraph iing that might be used in making such a suggestion. The rises of olfaction and gustation are ... more amenable to ! more highly developed senses of audition and vision.
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Hallucinations, mainly of a visual nature, are considered to affect about one-quarter of patients with Parkinson's disease. They are commonly viewed as a side-effect of antiparkinsonian treatment, but other factors may be involved. The aim of this study was to determine the phenomenology, prevalence and risk factors of hallucinations in Parkinson's disease. Two-hundred and sixteen consecutive patients fulfilling clinical criteria for Parkinson's disease were studied. Demographic and clinical variables were recorded, including motor and cognitive status, depressive symptoms and sleep–wake disturbances. Patients with and without hallucinations were compared using non-parametric tests, and logistic regression was applied to significant data.
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Hallucinations can ... be induced by ingesting drugs that alter the chemistry of the brain. (The technical name used for drug-induced hallucinations is hallucinosis.) The most widely known hallucinogens, or mind-altering drugs, are LSD, psilocybin, peyote, and mescaline, which act on the brain to produce perceptual, sensory, and cognitive experiences that are not occurring in reality. Effects vary from user to user and also individually from one experience to the next. Hallucinations produced by LSD are usually visual in nature. On an LSD "trip," for example, hallucinations can last eight to ten hours while those produced by mescaline average six to eight hours. Two illegal drugs manufactured to produce psychoactive effects, PCP (phencyclidine) and MDMA (Ecstasy), are not true hallucinogens, but both produce hallucinations of body image as well as psychoses.
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Hallucinations must be distinguished from illusions, which are misperceptions of actual external stimuli. In other words, an illusion is essentially seeing, hearing, tasting, feeling, or smelling something that is there, but perceiving it or interpreting it incorrectly. An example of an illusion might be hearing one's name called when the radio is playing. There is an external auditory stimulus, but it is misperceived. True hallucinations do not include false perceptions that occur while dreaming, while falling asleep, or while waking up. Unusual perceptual experiences one may have while falling asleep are referred to as hypnagogic experiences.
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Hallucinations