LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Haganah
built 126 days ago
In 1939 control over the Haganah was transferred to the MAPAI-dominated Jewish Agency, which was headed by Ben-Gurion. A professional Military General Staff was established and Yaʿakov Dori became the Haganah's first chief of staff. The Haganah ran illegal immigration operations (Aliyah Bet) during and after World War II to circumvent the 1939 White Paper restrictions. At the same time, Britain supported the creation of an elite strike force, the Palmah (Plugot Mahatz, or "shock companies") in May 1941, and Haganah members enlisted in the British Army's Jewish Brigade. When Britain refused to lift the White Paper restrictions after the war, the Haganah and Palmah joined with the Irgun and LEHI to form the Hebrew Resistance Movement (1945 - 1946). The undergrounds coordinated military operations against British targets in Palestine.
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Haganah is not a sport based system modified to deal with self-defense situations. Haganah is a self-defense system built from the ground up and tested in combat. Haganah integrates unarmed and armed combat, including gun and knife use, from many different sources to create practitioners capable or dealing with any type of self-defense situation. It combines elements in unique ways to create new approaches. Although common attack scenarios are covered in Haganah, Haganah is not a scenario based system per se. It focuses on achieving certain common objectives in virtually all scenarios, thereby making it easier to learn and more immediately effective than many systems. Finally, unlike many other self-defense systems, Haganah does not use a hierarchical belt system where it can take years to learn the most effective advanced material.
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Haganah district commander David Shaltiel had authorized Weg to further help rescue attacker wounded, though Weg communicated on arrival that he was acting on his own initiative. Reviewing the situation, he agreed that the dispersed guerillas and their wounded could not be assisted without suppressing all hostile fire, and the Palmach's rescue effort ... expanded to taking the entire town. Weg ordered the mortar and truck down the path from Givat Shaul while 17 Palmachniks went around to attack from the north. The mortar lobbed three shots towards the mukhtar's house, silencing its snipers. The unit entered the town in practiced formation, lobbing hand grenades into houses from which fire had come. Serious resistance ended, as Lehi officer David Gottlieb saw the Palmach accomplish "in one hour what we could not accomplish in several hours."(36)
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On June 17, 1946 the Haganah staged an attack in which 10 of the 11 bridges connecting Palestine with its neighbors were destroyed. On Saturday, June 29, 1946, the British began a two week dragnet searching for Jews suspected of anti-British activities. A countrywide curfew was proclaimed, and 17,000 soldiers entered institutions and settlements in order to confiscate weapons and documents, and to arrest leaders of the Yishuv and Haganah activists. Some 2,700 people were arrested throughout the country and taken to an internment camp. The sweep failed to net any of the major underground commanders or unearth significant arms caches, but the Jews ... called the event "Black Sabbath."
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In 1944, after the assassination of Lord Moyne (the British Minister of State for the Middle East) by members of the Jewish Lehi underground, the Haganah worked with the British to kidnap, interrogate, and, in some cases, deport Irgun members. This action was called The Saison, or hunting season, and was directed against the Irgun and not Lehi possibly due to the perceived political threat the Irgun presented to David Ben Gurion's position of leadership. Future Jerusalem mayor Teddy Kollek was later revealed to be the official most responsible, under the code name Scorpion, for turning Irgun activists over to the British authorities. Many Jewish youth, who had joined the Haganah in order to defend the Jewish people, were greatly demoralized by operations against their own people. The Irgun, paralyzed by the Saison, were ordered by their commander, Menachem Begin, not to retaliate in an effort to avoid a full blown civil war. Although many Irgunists objected to these orders, they obeyed Begin and refrained from fighting back.
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The Haganah and Palmach were charged with defending the Yishuv against these attacks. Kaukji's army attacked across the Jezreel valley, and was ultimately stopped by the Haganah and kibbutz defenders at Mishmar Haemek, in mid-April, 1948. In the Jerusalem area, the Haganah had to battle the blockade imposed by the Mufti's gangs as well as attacks on Jerusalem and especially the Jewish quarter, and attacks on Gush Etzion that were backed by the Transjordan Arab Legion. A major activity of the Haganah was convoying supplies to Jerusalem in makeshift armored vehicles. Many young men died in those vehicles, which were left by the side of the Jerusalem road as a monument to their bravery. Danny Mas, murdered in a convoy that brought aid to Gush Etzion on foot, became a hero and a symbol of the War of Independence. Yitzhak Rabin, Ariel Sharon and other future leaders of Israel distinguished themselves in the fight to save Jerusalem from starvation.
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