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Haganah: Palmach
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The Haganah and Palmach organisations were militant resistence movements in Palestine that were consireded illiegal by the British rulers of Palestine. During the Second World War from 1944 and onwards, specially the Haganah organised mass immigrations of Jews from Europe and elsewhere to Palestine.
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The Haganah and Palmach leaders decide the time has come to go underground. But funds are badly needed. The mutually beneficial plan presented by the kibbutzim to the Palmach and Haganah leaders, whereby Haganah and Palmach members would work and train on kibbutz, proves to be an excellent solution. Over a three year period, from 1942-1945, the Palmach train men and women. The naval platform of the Palmach trains SEALS and brings over refugees from Europe, in defiance of the British Mandate. New settlements are created for the newly arrived Holocaust survivors.
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The chief strengths of the Haganah and Palmach formed a tradition that came to characterize the IDF as well. This was a people's militia, a guerilla force that made up for lack of weapons with ingenuity and daring. Underground status forced informality. Many of the men knew each from childhood and were neighbors in civilian life. Ranks were generally informal and a tradition of camaraderie and mutual loyalty developed. Wounded and dead would not be left behind. Soldiers and officers in an army lacking virtually everything developed a high degree of initiative and ability to improvise.
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On May 19, 1941 the Haganah created the Palmach (an acronym for Plugot Mahatz—strike companies), an elite military-like section which focused on providing training to youngsters. It was never large — by 1947 it amounted to merely five battalions (about 2,000 men) — but its members had received not only physical and basic military training, but ... acquired leadership skills that, in retrospect, would allow them to take up command positions in Israel's future army.
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By the early 1940s, when the Germans invade Africa, and Syria and Lebanon are under the control of the Vichy regime, the British train and employ the Haganah/Palmach forces to help defeat an Axis invasion. But when Rommell retreats from Egypt in 1942, the British, with no more need of extra forces,
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