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Gregorian Calendar
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The Gregorian Calendar is the calendar currently in use in most of the world. It was decreed by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 and is named for him. Like the Julian Calendar, the Gregorian calendar has 365 days per year. An extra "leap day" is added every 4 years, except when the year is divisible by 100 but not by 400. As a result, 3 leap days are skipped every 400 years. The average Gregorian calendar year is 365.2425 days long, a close approximation of the actual length of the astronomical year.
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The Gregorian Calendar is the calendar currently in use by most Western countries. It is the familiar system of twelve months every year (January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December), each with either 30 or 31 days, except February, which can have 28 or 29 days. January, March, May, July, August, October and December have 31 days while April, June, September and November have 30 days. February has 28 days on regular years and 29 days on leap years.
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Sweden's relationship with the Gregorian Calendar had a difficult birth. Sweden started to make the change from the OS calendar and towards the NS calendar in 1700, but it was decided to make the now 11-day adjustment gradually, by excluding the leap days (29 February) from each of 11 successive leap years, 1700 to 1740. In the meantime, not only would the Swedish calendar be out of step with both the Julian calendar and the Gregorian calendar for 40 years, but ... the difference would not be static but would change every 4 years. This strange system clearly had great potential for endless confusion when working out on what dates events in Sweden actually occurred in this period. To make matters worse, the system was poorly administered and the leap days that should have been excluded from 1704 and 1708 were still for some reason included. The Swedish calendar should by now have been 8 days behind the Gregorian, but it was still in fact 10 days behind.
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Every 28 years the Gregorian Calendar repeats itself. The days of the week and the first day of each month were the same in 1990 as they will be in 2018 and 2046. Subtracting 28 from the current year will give the next repeat. But, remember that leap years are not always every 4 years. Years that end in 00 are not leap years unless it is a multiple of 400. Therefore 1700, 1800, 1900, and 2100 are not leap years.
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The Gregorian Calendar was adopted immediately upon the promulgation of Pope Gregory's decree in the Catholic countries of Italy, Spain, Portugal and Poland, and shortly thereafter in France and Luxembourg. During the next year or two most Catholic regions of Germany, Belgium, Switzerland and the Netherlands came on board. Hungary followed in 1587. The rest of the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland made the change during 1699 to 1701. By the time the British were ready to go along with the rest of Europe, the old calendar had drifted off by one more day, requiring a correction of eleven days, rather than ten. The Gregorian Calendar was adopted in Britain (and in the British colonies) in 1752, with (Wednesday) September 2, 1752, being followed immediately by (Thursday) September 14, 1752.
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The Gregorian Calendar was devised by Pope Gregory XIII and decreed in a papal bull in 1582. It was based on the earlier Julian Calendar introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BC. However, the Gregorian calendar had new rules for determining leap years that kept it more in line with the solar year.
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Gregorian Calendar