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Greek Religion: Myths
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Historical linguistics, on the one hand, shows that certain parts of the Greek pantheon were inherited from Indo-European society, along with the roots of the Greek language. Thus, for example, the name Zeus is cognate with Latin Jupiter, Sanskrit Dyaus and Germanic Tyr (see Dyeus), as is Ouranos with Sanskrit Varuna. In other cases, close parallels in character and function suggest a common heritage, yet lack of linguistic evidence makes it difficult to prove — as in the case of the Greek Moirae and the Norns of Norse mythology.
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In the Greek heritage of the West, myth or mythos has always been in tension with reason or logos, which signified the sensible and analytic mode of arriving at a true account of reality. The Greek philosophers Xenophanes, Plato, and Aristotle, for example, exalted reason and made sarcastic criticisms of myth as a proper way of knowing reality.
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Achilles binds the wound of Patroclus: the Trojan War formed a context for many cycles of Greek myth. Patroclus' penis is exposed to the sexual aspect of their pederastic relationship. Such relationships were a common element of Greek mythology, most notably that of Zeus and Ganymede.
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Myths