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Greek Literature
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Under Turkish rule, Greek literature virtually ceased, except in Crete. In the late 18th cent. two patriots, the poet Rhigas Pheraios (1751–98) and the intellectual Adamantios Koraës (1748–1833), sought to encourage a revival of Greek letters. The revolutionary society Philike Hetairea, founded in 1816, reflected the growing influence in Greece of the French Enlightenment and the rise of European romanticism; both furnished the intellectual framework for the War of Independence (1821–27) and spurred the postwar nationalist revival that awakened a modern Greek literature.
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Writings produced during the early period of Greek literature were almost entirely in verse form. For explanations of the metres and other elements of verse structure discussed in this section, see Versification. For explanations of the Greek dialects mentioned, see Greek Language.
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The Murderess by Alexandros Papadiamantis is a classic of modern Greek literature. Set in an impoverished community in which many of the men have immigrated, it is the story of an old woman who comes to the realization that she and women like her have done nothing with their lives and sets out to deliver from servitude the little girls of the village. This is a powerful and disturbing novel by one of Greece's finest writers.
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With the death of Aristotle in 322 BC, the classical era of Greek literature drew to a close. In the successive centuries of Greek writing there was never again such a brilliant flowering of genius as appeared in the 5th and 4th centuries BC.
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When you hear the words Greek Literature, the first think people often think of is Aesop's Fables. Some of the more educated will ... know the Iliad, the Odyssey, Thucydides' Peloponnesian War and Aeschylus' Orestrian Trilogy (where the story of Oedipus comes from).
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The earliest mention of coins in Greek literature is in Herodotus' Histories, which was written down circa 425 BCE. Herodotus attributes the invention of coinage to the Lydians in the time of king Croesus:
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