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Greek Alphabet
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The Greek alphabet derived from the North Semitic script in the 8th century BC. The direction of writing in the oldest Greek inscriptions—as in the Semitic scripts—is from right to left, a style that was superseded by the boustrophedon (meaning, in Greek, “as the ox draws the plow”), in which lines run alternately from right to left and left to right. This change occurred approximately…
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Tosk Albanian was often written using the Greek alphabet, starting in about 1500 (Elsie, 1991). The printing press at Moschopolis published several Albanian texts in Greek script during the 18th century. It was only in 1908 that the Monastir conference standardized a Latin orthography for both Tosk and Gheg. The Greek-based Arvanitic alphabet is now only used in Greece.
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The table below lists all of the letters in the Greek alphabet, upper-case and lower-case, with their names and pronunciations. The lower-case letters are used more often than the upper-case letters, but the latter are used often enough. The lower-case letters are most often used for variables, such as angles and complex numbers, and for functions and formulas, while the upper-case letters more commonly stand for sets and spaces, and sometimes for repeated arithmetic operations such as adding and multiplying (see Sigma and Pi). In any particular textbook or paper, the way in which these symbols should be interpreted should generally be clear from the context and definitions.
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It was the Euboean variant of the Greek alphabet that was transmitted to the Etruscans, and so on to Latin and most of the Western world. The Euboean script has, among its letters, the letter F, which actually stood for a [w] sound, and X which sounded like [ks], not an aspirated velar [kh] like in Ionian. For more information on Italic scripts, you can visit Etruscan, Oscan, and Latin pages.
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Like the Hebrew alphabet the Greek uses a final. Sigma is written as a stigma if it is in the final position. This stigma character was used as a six in the numeric scheme.
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The earliest Greek inscriptions were written right to left, as were the Semitic writings from which this alphabet descended. Later they wrote alternate lines of text in opposite directions (right to left, then left to right, etc.). Finally the convention of writing from left to right prevailed.
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Greek Alphabet