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Gothic Novel: Horace Walpole
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The first Gothic horror novel was The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole, published in 1754. Perhaps the last type of novel in this mode was Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights, published in 1847. In between 1754 and 1847, several other novels appeared using the Gothic horror story as a central story telling device, The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794) and The Italian (1794) by Ann Radcliffe, The Monk (1796) by Matthew G. Lewis, and Melmouth the Wanderer (1820) by Charles Maturin.
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The gothic novel is a literary genre that belongs to Romanticism and began in Britain with The Castle of Otranto (1764) by Horace Walpole. It is the predecessor to modern horror fiction and, above all, has led to the common definition of "gothic" as being connected to the dark and horrific.
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When the Harry Potter books are examined as Gothic novels, the supernatural events fall into Todorov’s second category of “the supernatural accepted.” 9 As with fairy tales, the readers do not question the supernatural events in the books. Nobody wonders if there is an alternative explanation for the student’s interactions with ghosts or Harry’s ability to summon an object with the Accio spell. Instead, readers accept magic and the supernatural as valid explanations for what occurs. Therefore, Harry Potter would be closer to Horace Walpole’s use of the supernatural than Ann Radcliffe’s.
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Horace Walpole