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Golda Meir: Yom Kippur War
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Golda Meir served as Prime Minister for five years. Under her leadership, Israel declared its willingness to accept the Rogers Peace Initiative, which included returning territory occupied by Israel. This declaration led to the dissolution of the National Unity Government, and to the resignation of the 'Likud' Party in August 1970. That same month, the War of Attrition, instigated by Egyptian President Gamal Abed Al Nasser in the summer of 1969, ended in a cease-fire . After the war the Egyptian front remained quiet until the outbreak of the Yom Kippur War on October 6, 1973.
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As prime minister, Meir worked to protect Europe's Jews and encouraged them to immigrate to Israel. She ... refused to compromise with the Palestinians. The major event of Meir's administration was the Yom Kippur War of 1973. The war began with a surprise attack by Syria and Egypt against Israel. Meir was later blamed because Israel was not prepared for such an attack. She resigned in 1974.
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Meir sided with radicals in her government who felt that the territories captured during the 1967 war should be settled by Israelis, yet she ... retained the support of moderates who favored giving up land claims in exchange for peace. However, in 1973 and 1974, Israel's unpreparedness for another of the Arab-Israeli Wars, known as the Yom Kippur War, brought demands for new leadership. After the 1973 elections, Meir was still able to form a new government, but divisions only increased and on April 10, 1974, she resigned as prime minister.
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Born in the Ukraine, Golda Meir grew up in the United States and finally immigrated to Palestine before it became the modern state of Israel in 1948. She lived through and participated in events that would determine the existence of Israel: the Zionist movement, the Second World War, the Holocaust (as an observer), the 1948 war of Israeli independence, the Suez crisis of 1956, the Six Day War in 1967, the war of attrition and finally the Yom Kippur War of 1973.
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Following the Yom Kippur War, Meir's government was plagued by in-fighting and questions over Israel's lack of preparedness for the war. The Agranat Commission appointed to investigate the war cleared her of direct responsibility, and her party won the elections in December 1973, but she resigned on April 11, 1974, bowing to what she felt was the "will of the people."[23]Yitzhak Rabin succeeded her on June 3, 1974.
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Yom Kippur War