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Glucosamine: Glucosamine Hydrochloride
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Glucosamine... called chitosamine, is a natural substance that is found in the covering of shellfish. It is available in different forms, including glucosamine hydrochloride, N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG), and glucosamine sulfate, which is a combination of glucosamine and mineral salt. Glucosamine is also available in synthetic forms. The body absorbs glucosamine well.
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Glucosamine is a basic compound which is reacted with sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid to make an ionic salt. They are named as sulfates or hydrochlorides. The sulfate part of the molecule is in the form of an ion.
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Glucosamine is available as glucosamine sulfate or glucosamine hydrochloride ( glucosamine hcl ). A review of the scientific literature shows glucosamine is likely to be helpful for many patients with osteoarthritis. Almost all of the earlier studies done with glucosamine have used the sulfate form since a company in Europe funded the studies. However, the hydrochloride form has been used by doctors for many years and it seems to work well, too. The hydrochloride form is cheaper.
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Glucosamine is available in several different forms that are usually called “salts”. Most of the clinical studies investigating glucosamine’s medical effects have used a salt known as glucosamine sulfate, but other salts such as glucosamine hydrochloride and n-acetyl glucosamine are ... sold widely. While all the salts of glucosamine contain the same general components, they may not all produce the same effects in the body. Generally, researchers have reported more effectiveness for glucosamine sulfate than glucosamine hydrochloride. No studies have compared them, though, so not enough information is available about potential differences in their activity to know whether they are interchangeable.
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Glucosamine is sold in the United States as a dietary supplement. The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act passed in 1994 by Congress allows the marketing of a product claimed to affect the structure or function of the body as a "dietary supplement" without the approval of any government agency. The labeling must include a disclaimer that the product has not been evaluated by the FDA and the product is not intended to diagnose, treat, or prevent any disease. Glucosamine is available in pharmacies and health food stores as the sulfate, hydrochloride, n-acetyl, or chlorhydrate salt.
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Glucosamine hydrochloride was chosen instead of glucosamine sulfate for a number of reasons. The hydrochloride form is more concentrated than the sulfate form, and the hydrochloride form contains substantially less sodium per effective dose than the sulfate form. Glucosamine sulfate is stabilized with sodium chloride (table salt) and can contain as much as 30% sodium. This is a consideration for individuals who want to reduce their dietary intake of sodium.
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Glucosamine Hydrochloride