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Globalization: American Samoa
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Other participants questioned whether globalization was truly a new phenomenon. An American historian noted that the entire course of human history can be seen as the gradual expansion of transportation and communication networks; in that context, globalization may be little more than an extension of past patterns of human interaction. At the very least, as a South Korean participant noted, "globalization" must be distinguished from terms like "interdependence" and "integration" – vocabulary which have been part of the social science lexicon for decades – if the concept is to have meaning.
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No sooner had Americans digested the horror of September 11 than voices on both sides of the debate began making the connection to globalization. Advocates argued that the attacks were directed at globalization, or, if not the target, globalization was the chief casualty. Others bemoaned an even more troubling possibility: globalization would callously continue its crusade unmoved by the events of September 11.
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Since U.S. and U.K. forces, the "coalition of the willing," began the campaign (Gulf War II) to oust Saddam Hussein and his "repressive" and "malignant" Iraqi leadership, other challenges for globalization may be on the horizon. Some are seeing Iraq's -- and the Middle East's -- future through other definitions like Americanization, or the Pax Americana doctrine.
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Versions of this chapter have been presented at the American Political Science Association's 1999 meeting and the January 2000 conference on Globalization and Human Rights at University of California Irvine, funded by the Institute for Global Conflict and Cooperation. The author wishes to thank participants in both conferences, and especially Jack Donnelly, for constructive comments that have influenced the concepts and analysis presented here.
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A collective reflection from the Institute and the Centro de Estudios de la Realidad Colombiana (CEREC) which looks for ways to confront globalization by minimizing the social costs and taking advantage of potential benefits to humanity. Includes a section on the effect of globalization on Latin American cultural identity.
Brent Bowers: 8 Patterns of Highly Effective Entrepreneurs Luis Martinez-Fernandez in the Chronicle of Higher Education notes an interesting element of globalization and Americanism. Material American influences are ever far-reaching -- music, books, clothes -- but it doesn't mean the underlying cultural norms are becoming homogeneous:
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