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Giza: Giza Pyramids
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Giza can be subdivided into two groupings of monuments, clearly defined and separated by a wadi. The larger grouping consists of the three "Great" pyramids of Khufu, Khephren, and Menkaure; the Sphinx, the pyramids of the queens, attendant temples and outbuildings, and the private mastabas of the nobility. The second grouping, located on the ridge to the southeast, contains a number of private tombs of citizens of various classes. While the majority of the monuments of the larger grouping are made from limestone that was quarried and transported to the site, the tombs of the smaller grouping are simply carved out of the native living rock.
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Giza is a fully texture-mapped 3D adventure game with first-person perspective. As a scientist on a research project in the Middle East, you've discovered that the great pyramids of Egypt will soon be destroyed. The secrets that can save them lie within the pyramids themselves. You must collect the vital information before it's too late. But be careful: you could get yourself killed. Giza is full of secrets, gold, and dangers.
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A striking characteristic of the pyramids and Sphinx of Giza is the way in which they are integrated into a grand architectural plan, based on mathematical and astronomical data. There is no evidence that the pyramids were used as tombs. What is certain is that two narrow shafts emanating from inside the Great Pyramid were directed to two specific stars: Zeta Orionis, one of the three stars in Orion's belt, and Sirius, in the constellation of Canis Major. It is certain, too, that the principal Giza monuments form an accurate terrestrial 'map' of the three stars of Orion's belt as these constellations appeared in 10,500 BC. (see below) Who could have been observing the skies over Giza in 10,500 BC and who, at that date, could have had the technical capacity to realize such monumental works as the Sphinx and the pyramids? Egyptologists assert there was no civilization on Earth at that time, let alone one capable of planning and building such immense, well engineered structures.
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The Giza Plateau is famous for three pyramids. Khufu's son, Khafre (Greek, Chephren) ... constructed a pyramid next to his father's monument. From a distance Khafre's pyramid looks higher than Khufu's, but this illusion is due to the structure being built on rising ground. The third pyramid belongs to Menkaure (Greek, Mycerinus) and is the smallest of the three. When they were built they were encased in thousands of blocks of white limestone from the Tura quarries across the river and must have presented an imposing sight, shining from a great distance in the scorching sunlight of the desert. Now most of the casing stones have gone, robbed in ancient times, but some can still be seen on the apex of Khafre's pyramid.
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The pyramids of Giza are perhaps the only true rival to the Great Sphinx when one thinks of ancient Egypt and its architecture. The Valley of Giza-- with its wonderful monuments-- is truly a marvel of architectural prowess. The three largest pyramids located in the valley consist of the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the Pyramid of Kafhre and the Pyramid of Menkaura. Each Pyramid is a tomb dedicated to a different king of Egypt.
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The Pyramids of Giza are the only one of the seven wonders of the world identified by the Ancient Greeks in the 2nd century that is still standing. The pyrmaids form a diagonal line running from northeast to southwest alson the western bank of the Nile River. This way no pyramid blocks the sun from any other pyramid. All three have a burial chamber excavated in the rock and each had a complete complex of mortuary temples and causeways.
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