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Giuseppe Mazzini
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Giuseppe Mazzini (June 22, 1805 – March 10, 1872) was an Italian patriot, philosopher and politician. He is widely remembered as one of the most influential political thinkers in the second milenia. Such a tale epitomizes Mazzini's efforts which helped bring about the modern Italian state in place of the several separate states, many dominated by foreign powers, that existed until the 19th century. He ... helped define the modern European movement for popular Democracy in a Republican State.
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Giuseppe Mazzini was one of the leading figures in the political history of nineteenth-century Europe. A vigorous proponent of nationalism, pre-eminent figure in the struggle for Italian independence and unity, and fascinating personality, his ideas were influential throughout Europe. Yet successive Italian governments, fearing the consequences of his belief in democracy and revolution, deliberately obscured his achievements: there have been few modern studies of Mazzini and no biography in English since 1902.
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Giuseppe Mazzini has a street named after him in every Italian town. He ranks with Victor Emanuel II, Count Cavour the statesman, and Giuseppe Garibaldi the guerrilla leader as a founding father of united Italy. Yet he boasted neither exalted birth nor military skill; he held office for only a few months; and for most of his life he lived secretively in exile. His weapons were his personality, his plots, and his pen.
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Influenced by Giuseppe Mazzini, an impassioned proponent of Italian nationalism, he joined the Carbonari revolutionary association. He participated in a failed republican uprising in Piedmont in 1834. Sentenced to death, he escaped to South America. In 1839, he joined the rebel cause in the War of Tatters revolt in Brazil, which had broken out a few years before. Six years of tenacity proved unsuccessful, and the rebels finally surrendered in 1845. He later commanded the Uruguayan navy in defence against Juan Manuel de Rosas of Argentina, who was trying to reannex the country.
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"Giuseppe Mazzini’s Philosophy of Music has remained little known among English-speaking musical scholars, who are now in Dr. Franco Sciannameo’s debt for making it readily available to them, together with an informative account of its history and contexts. This is not just a matter of the text’s obvious historical value. Its publication comes at a juncture when musicologists, especially in the English-speaking world, are increasingly reconsidering the topics and formulas through which the history of music in the nineteenth century has familiarly, for a long time now, been written. Mazzini’s text offers this project some promising leads. It does so not as theory but as practice, not for the answers it gives but for the questions it raises. Suffice it, rather, to say that Mazzini’s text is a remarkable barometer for the musical climate of its age, an instrument that English-speaking readers can now readily interpret as their own climate of thought may prompt."
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Giuseppe Mazzini, the great political idealist of the Italian struggle for independence, was born at Genoa, June 22, 1805. His faith in democracy and his enthusiasm for a free Italy he inherited from his parents; and while still a student in the University of Genoa he gathered round him a circle of youths who shared his dreams. At the age of twenty-two he joined the secret society of the Carbonari, and was sent on a mission to Tuscany, where he was entrapped and arrested. On his release, he set about the formation, among the Italian exiles in Marseilles, of the Society of Young Italy, which had for its aim the establishment of a free and united Italian republic. His activities led to a decree for his banishment from France, but he succeeded in outwitting the spies of the Government and going on with his work. The conspiracy for a national rising planned by Young Italy was discovered, many of the leaders were executed, and Mazzini himself condemned to death.
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Giuseppe Mazzini