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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Philosophies
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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770 – November 14, 1831) was a German idealist philosopher born in Stuttgart, Württemberg, in present-day southwest Germany. He influenced writers of different positions, including both his admirers (Bradley, Sartre, Küng, Bauer, Stirner, Marx), and his opponents (Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Schelling).
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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German philosopher who was born in southwestern portion of German in Stuttgart. Hegel became fascinated with the works of Kant, Spinoza, and Rousseau. Many believe that Hegel's philosophy heavily influenced Germany's 19th century Idealism.
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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770–November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher born in Stuttgart, Württemberg, in present-day southwest Germany. His influence has been widespread on writers of widely varying positions, including both his admirers (F. H. Bradley, Sartre), and his detractors (Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer, Heidegger).
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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was one of the most influential western philosophers of the 19th century. While a professor in Heidelberg and Berlin he wrote his most famous works, The Phenomenology of the Mind (1806), The Science of Logic (1812) and The Philosophy of Right (1821). Hegel was dubbed an "Absolute Idealist" because his metaphysical system posited that reality is the result of a historical process whose ultimate end is an understanding of the essence of existence, or "the Absolute." This process he called the dialectic: an evolution toward progress that springs out of conflict. (This give-and-take notion is now often called the Hegelian Dialectic.) Hegel ... wrote about ethics, religion and politics, and his philosophical system influenced the theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
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There is hardly a realm of knowledge untouched by the philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. His theories of history, religion, art, and the state remain influential across disciplinary boundaries. In his lifetime, Hegel eventually achieved fame and institutional recognition, his legacy eclipsing that of many initially more prominent contemporaries. His work does not lend itself to easy interpretation or summary. Moreover, his theories inform both conservative and liberal thought. Indeed, Rudolf Haym, in his Lectures on Hegel and His Time (1857), spoke for many of Hegel’s detractors when labeling the once celebrated Berlin professor “the philosophical dictator of Germany”.
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Hegel wrote several pieces while at the University of Jena that point in the direction of some of the main theses of the Philosophy of Right. The first was entitled "On the Scientific Modes of Treatment of Natural Law–Its Place in Practical Philosophy and Its Relationship to the Positive Science of Law" (Über die wissenschaftlichen Behandlungsarten des Naturrechts…), published originally in the Kritisches Journal der Philosophie in 1802, edited jointly by Hegel and Schelling. In this piece, usually referred to as the essay on Natural Law, Hegel criticizes both the empirical and formal approaches to natural law, as exemplified in British and Kantian philosophy respectively. Empiricism reaches conclusions that are limited by the particularities of its contexts and materials and ... cannot provide universally valid propositions regarding the concepts of various social and political institutions or of the relation of reflective consciousness to social and political experience. Formalist conclusions, on the other hand, are too insubstantial and abstract in failing to properly link human reason concretely to human experience. Traditional natural law theories are based on an abstract rationalism and the attempts of Rousseau, Kant, and Fichte to remedy this through their various ethical conceptions fail to overcome abstractness.
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