LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Genocide
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Genocide's archetype was the World War II Holocaust, in which German Nazis starved, tortured, and executed an estimated 6 million European Jews as part of an effort to develop a master Aryan race. Immediately upon coming to power in Germany in 1933, the Nazis began a systematic effort to eliminate Jews from economic life. The Nazis defined persons with three or four Jewish grandparents as being Jewish, regardless of their religious beliefs or affiliation with the Jewish community. Those with one or two Jewish grandparents were known as Mischlinge, or half-breeds. As non-Aryans, Jews and Mischlinge lost their jobs and their Aryan clients, and were forced to liquidate or sell their businesses.
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Genocide is a criminological concept. Studying genocide involves an understanding of perpetrators/oppressors, their motives and methods, the fate of the victims and the role of bystanders. Lemkin went on to explain, "Genocide has two phases: one, destruction of the national pattern of the oppressed group: the other, the imposition of the national pattern of the oppressor" (1944, p. 80). So, while the general framework of genocide is to describe killing, the nuances of the definition, time considerations, and other aspects relating to politics and culture have made the term genocide highly charged with many possible applications based on interpretation. Lemkin's categories of genocide were political, social, cultural, religious, moral, economic, biological, and physical. Lemkin was interested in describing contemporary crimes that might be prevented, rather than working as a historian and making judgments about whether past events qualified as genocide.
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Genocide may include a direct assault on public health as it did in Bosnia-Herzegovina. There, public health came face to face with genocide when acts were committed to destroy the public health of the population, thereby threatening to destroy people through inflicting serious harm to their health. Food, fuel, electricity, running water, and medical supplies were cut off from Sarajevo and its environs during the siege of that city. Since many things are essential to public health, including housing, nutrition, sanitation, and access to public health, any acts committed to destroy or seriously undermine the conditions needed for health are potentially acts of genocide if they are committed against a specific population. For instance, during the siege of Sarajevo, waterborne diseases such as hepatitis A increased because the sanitation systems no longer worked properly, 10 percent of the city's population was moderately malnourished, and the combined effects of malnutrition, cold, and lack of adequate medical care led to increased illness and deaths. In the case of Bosnia-Herzegovina, genocide disproportionately affected the most vulnerable Bosnians—the very young, the elderly, women, the chronically ill, and the disabled.
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Genocide has occurred since ancient times. When a group or a nation conquered another group, it was common practice to kill all the men—civilians and soldiers alike—of the conquered group. Well-known examples of such genocides include the widespread killings by the army of the 5th-century Asian conqueror Attila in Europe and the massacres across the Middle East by forces of the Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan in the 13th century. During the 18th and 19th centuries many nations agreed that civilians should not be killed or injured during war. Eventually, international law was changed to include rules on warfare, but no mechanism existed for enforcing these rules.
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Genocide is different from almost all other MUDs in that there are no monsters to fight, only other players. Various types of wars occur, including non-team (every man for himself), teams, and "ball" wars (hunt the man with the ball). All players start out equal each war, except in terms of knowledge. There are no "levels" or such for players; only "credits" that you gain by performing well in wars, and a huge myriad of statistics. With enough credits, you can eventually request a "developer" character (known as a "wizard" in some circles) in addition to your player character. Some other interesting tidbits about the game:
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Genocide, like any morally relevant action, can be supported, denounced, or viewed with apathy. One's moral convictions will result in varying responses to genocidal acts. Perpetrators of genocide often feel completely justified in their actions, and may draw on local cultural or political values to curry favor. This can lead to a response of support, thereby furthering the criminal acts. Others, while not participating in the acts directly, may support them by financial or political means.
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