LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Genocide: Wars
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Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction of a group of people defined by their nationality, or by their ethnic, cultural, or religious background. While public health has long been concerned with the promotion, provision, and protection of a population's health during war and conflict, genocide became of interest to the field of public health only in the late twentieth century. The public health impact of genocide is enormous; in the last half of the twentieth century alone, dozens of genocides—accounting for over 23 million deaths—occurred, including in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Rwanda, Burundi, Cambodia, and Bangladesh. Recognizing the relationship between public health and genocide is important because of the contributions public health professionals can make to preventing and mitigating genocide and its impact.
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Genocide is a crime under international law regardless of "whether committed in time of peace or in time of war" (art. I). Thus, irrespective of the context in which it occurs (for example, peace time, internal strife, international armed conflict or whatever the general overall situation) genocide is a punishable international crime.
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The Genocide Convention, which entered into force in January 1951, is relatively brief, with just nineteen short articles. The first Article confirms that genocide is a crime under international law, whether committed in time of peace or during war; it is this clause which provides the principal distinction between genocide and crimes against humanity—the latter are committed in connection with, or during, war. Article II defines genocide as an act ‘committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group’. As well as outright killing, genocidal acts include causing ‘bodily or mental harm’, the infliction on the group of ‘conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction’, the prevention of births within the group, and the forcible removal of children from the group to another group. It may well be that the atrocities in Kosovo, and in other parts of former Yugoslavia during the wars of the 1990s, will add one more category to the list of genocidal activities: the mass rape of women in order to destroy cultures and genetic lines (see gender).
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Genocide is generally defined as the intentional extermination of a specific ethnic, racial, or religious group. Compared with war crimes and crimes against humanity, genocide is generally regarded as the most offensive crime. At worst, genocide pits neighbor against neighbor, or even husband against wife. Unlike war, where the attack is general and the object is often the control of a geographical or political region, genocide attacks an individual's identity, and the object is control -- or complete elimination -- of a group of people.
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Genocide is a text-based multiuser war game (MUD) which has been online since January 1992. The game is connected to via the telnet remote-terminal protocol; telnet client programs are available for most any Internet-capable system (go here for more information). To connect to the game, telnet to geno.org, port 2222 (or connect via your web browser with the Java Telnet Applet).
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