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Garry Kasparov: Match
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In 1985 Garry Kasparov became the youngest world chess champion in history by defeating Anatoly Karpov in an epic struggle. Twenty years later he is still world number 1, and is an internationally renowned figure, famous even among the non-chess-playing public following high-profile events such as his matches against IBM's Deep Blue supercomputer, and the Kasparov vs. World game in 1999.
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Kasparov continued to compete in tournaments, hoping to one day challenge world champion Anatoly Karpov. After competing in a special tournament, Garry had the chance to take on Karpov and take his title. In the match between the two players, Karpov began to take the lead over Kasparov. But the match was suddenly closed by the FIDE president, and neither player had won. This was due to Karpov's health situation. He had been hospitalized several times during the match.
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A year later Kasparov accepted a rematch against an enhanced version of Deep Blue, a computer capable of processing 200 million chess positions per second. Although Kasparov won the first game, he was defeated in the six-game series 3.5 games to 2.5 games. It was the first time an international grandmaster had lost a series to a computer. In 1999 Kasparov participated in an online contest, “Kasparov Vs. The World,” in which millions of Internet users (including expert chess analysts) submitted possible moves and voted on which to use. Kasparov won the match after four months of play.
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In 1996 Kasparov competed in a six game match against an IBM computer called Deep Blue. Kasparov won with a score of 4 games to 2 games. The following year, he competed against an improved version called Deeper Blue and was defeated 3.5 games to 2.5 games. It was the first time a Grandmaster had lost a series of games to a computer. He is currently the highest rated player there has ever been in the history of chess.
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Due to these strong results, and status as world #1 in much of the public eye, Kasparov was included in the so-called "Prague Agreement", masterminded by Yasser Seirawan and intended to reunite the two World Championships. Kasparov was to play a match against the FIDE World Champion Ruslan Ponomariov in September 2003. But this match was called off after Ponomariov refused to sign his contract for it without reservation. In its place, there were plans for a match against Rustam Kasimdzhanov, winner of the FIDE World Chess Championship 2004, to be held in January 2005 in the United Arab Emirates. These ... fell through due to lack of funding. Plans to hold the match in Turkey instead came too late.
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After this defeat, Kasparov said that he sometimes saw deep intelligence and creativity in the machine's moves, suggesting that during the second game, human chess players intervened, which was against the rules. IBM denied that they had cheated, saying the only human intervention occured between games. The rules provided for the developers to modify the program between games, an opportunity they said they used to shore up weaknesses in the computer's play revealed during the course of the match. Kasparov requested printouts of the machine's moves but IBM refused. Kasparov demanded a rematch, but IBM declined and retired Deep Blue. In November 2003, he played a 4 game match against chess playing computer program X3D Fritz (which was said to have an estimated rating of 2807), using a virtual board, 3D glasses and a speech recognition system.
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