LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Gallbladder: Vomiting
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The normal gallbladder wall is composed of four layers: mucosa, lamina propria, an irregular muscle layer, and connective tissue (Fig 1). The surface epithelium is composed of a single layer of columnar epithelium with basal nuclei and eosin-ophilic cytoplasm. There is no muscularis mucosa or submucosa. Along the hepatic surface, the connective tissue is continuous with the interlobular connective tissue of the liver.
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Chronic gallbladder inflammation is likely only part of the cause of the malignant transformation seen in gallbladder cancer. Ingestion of certain medications (oral contraceptives, INH, and methyldopa) as well as certain occupational chemical exposures may play a significant contributing role. The role of various oncogenic mutations in gallbladder cancer is an area of active research.
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The gallbladder is then removed via one of the small incisions created, the abdominal cavity is irrigated with saline, and a small tube is temporarily left to drain the area where the gallbladder was removed. The tubing again is brought out via one of the small incisions previously created and attached to a drainage bottle.
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As with most gallbladder lesions, early stage adenocarcinoma tends to present with symptoms similar to cholelithiasis or biliary dyskinesia. Later stage adenocarcinoma presents with more significant symptoms, such as weight loss, hepatomegaly, ascites, and right upper quadrant mass.
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The gallbladder is a small, thin-walled sac filled with bile fluid. Bile fluid can move within the sac, so the sac can be pulled through a small opening, like a balloon through a hose.
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If, after a certain amount of time, the gallbladder can't be seen, the doctor may give you a small injection of morphine, which can help to move the radionuclide into the gallbladder. The morphine may cause you to feel tired after the exam.
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