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Gallbladder: United States
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Gallbladder carcinoma is three times more common in women than men. Higher prevalences have been reported from New Mexico, Bolivia, Chile, Israel, and northern Japan (2). It has ... been reported that ethnic groups with an increased prevalence of cholelithiasis (eg, Native Americans and Hispanic Americans) have a greater risk of developing gallbladder carcinoma (3),(4). In addition, a recent review of the National Cancer Database revealed that white women were affected more frequently in the cases reported in the United States from 1989 to 1995 (5). The frequency of diagnosis increases with age; the average age at presentation is 72 years, and the median age is 73 years (6).
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a new alternative procedure for gallbladder removal. Some 15,000 surgeons have received training in the technique since its introduction in the United States in 1988. Currently about 80 percent of cholecystectomies are performed using laparoscopes.
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More than half a million patients undergo surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) annually in the United States, predominantly for gallbladder disease. Although most operations are successful, 10 to 20 percent of patients report persistent episodes of pain after surgery.
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