LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Gallbladder: Bile
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The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped, muscular storage sac that holds bile. Bile is a greenish yellow, thick, sticky fluid. It consists of bile salts, electrolytes (dissolved charged particles, such as sodium and bicarbonate), bile pigments, cholesterol, and other fats (lipids). Bile has two main functions: aiding in digestion and eliminating certain waste products (mainly hemoglobin and excess cholesterol) from the body. Bile salts aid in digestion by making cholesterol, fats, and fat-soluble vitamins easier to absorb from the intestine. The main pigment in bile, bilirubin, is a waste product that is formed from hemoglobin (the protein that carries oxygen in the blood) and is excreted in bile.
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This is a test which shows whether their are crystals in gallbladder bile. In this test, a surgeon or gastroenterologist inserts a lighted scope through the mouth into the stomach and duodenum. Kinevac is injected to empty the gallbladder. The surgeon or gastroenterologist then collects gallbladder bile from the small intestine. The Pathologist checks the gallbladder bile for crystals. If crystals are present, they may cause pain as they pass out of the gallbladder.
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In humans, evacuation of the gallbladder is accomplished by a trigger mechanism which is set off by the presence of fatty foods, meat, and hydragogue cathartics in the duodenum and upper jejunum. Absorption of these substances by the mucous membrane results in the release of cholecystokinin (CCK), a hormone which rapidly circulates in the bloodstream and simultaneously produces contraction of the gallbladder and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi. The most effective food is egg yolk, which contains certain l-amino acids. Resorption of bile salts by the intestine stimulates secretion of bile for hours after a meal. See ... Digestive system.
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Crystals may form in bile as the gallbladder absorbs water. These crystals grow into gallstones, which may block the passage out of the gallbladder. When a gallstone blocks this passage, the gallbladder swells and hurts. The blockage may cause nausea and vomiting. Bacteria may then grow in the gallbladder, causing infection. Typically, the gallstone passes out of the gallbladder or bounces back up into the gallbladder and the pain goes away.
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There are no specific laboratory tests for gallbladder cancer. Tumors can obstruct the normal flow of bile from the liver to the small intestine. Bilirubin, a component of bile, builds up within the liver and is absorbed into the bloodstream in excess amounts. This can be detected in a blood test, but it can ... manifest clinically as jaundice. Elevated bilirubin levels and clinical jaundice can also occur with other conditions, such as gallstones.
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Your gallbladder is most likely to give you trouble if something blocks the flow of bile through the bile ducts. That is usually a gallstone. Gallstones form when substances in bile harden. Gallstone attacks usually happen after you eat. Signs of a gallstone attack may include nausea, vomiting, or pain in the abdomen, back, or just under the right arm.
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