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Functional Programming: Languages
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Functional programming languages have automatic memory management with garbage collection, in contrast to older imperative languages like C and Pascal which use explicit memory management. Functional programming languages have been perceived as less efficient in their use of CPU and memory than those languages. However, many modern imperative languages such as Java, Perl, Python, and Ruby ... perform automatic memory management.
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FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGES DEFINITION (continued):…1) Functional programming is a style of programming that emphasizes the evaluation of expressions rather than the execution of commands. Erlang programming language is described as a functional programming language. Erlang avoids the use of global variables that can be used in common by multiple functions since changing such a variable in part of a program may have unexpected effects in another part.
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Mark Jones originated and Graham Hutton maintains this excellent functional programming FAQ. It answers questions ranging from basic (`Are there any books about functional programming?') to not-so-basic (`What is a monad?'). It includes links to sites describing the following languages: ASpecT, Caml, Clean, Erlang, FP, Gofer, Haskell, Hope, Hugs, Id, IFP, J, Miranda(TM), ML, NESL, OPAL, Oz, Pizza, Scheme, and Sisal. It ... has links to bibliographies, meetings, active research groups, and other resources.
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Functional reactive programming integrates dynamic dataflow with functional programming to offer an elegant and powerful model for expressing computations over time-varying values. Developing realistic applications... requires access to libraries, such as those for GUIs, that are written in mainstream object-oriented languages. Tags: Object-oriented, Programming, Ooa/Ood/Oop, Software Development, Software/Web Development White papers 2006-01-19
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In Perl, a procedural language at heart, functional programming is only possible as an approach. The actual solution will commonly use the map() or grep() functions to simulate a functional solution. The functional programming approach is valuable for three reasons. First, FP presents the programmer with a new view of the problem, and possibly a better solution will come about because of that. Second, the Schwartzian and Guttman-Rosler transforms, and many other Perl idioms, are hard to use or understand without the aid of map() and grep(). Third, implementing some algorithms without map() and grep() can slow them down significantly because function invocation in Perl is fairly expensive.
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The Computer Science Departments of many universities teach a functional language as the first programming language. Using a functional language with its high level of abstraction helps to emphasize the principles of programming. Functional programming is only one of the paradigms with which a student should be acquainted. Imperative, Concurrent, Object-Oriented, and Logic programming are ... important. Depending on the problem to be solved, one of the paradigms will be chosen as the most natural paradigm for that problem.
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