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Friedrich A. Hayek: Socialism
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Es probable que Friedrich A. Hayek fuera el más prodigioso erudito clásico liberal del siglo XX. Aunque su premio Nobel de 1974 fue en economia, sus trabajos académicos se extienden mucho más allá de esta ciencia. Publicó 130 artículos y 25 libros que abarcan desde la economía técnica hasta la psicología teórica, desde la filosofía política hasta la antropología legal y desde la filosofía de la ciencia hasta la historia de las ideas. Hayek no era un simple aficionado, era un verdadero experto en cada uno de estos campos. Hizo importantes contribuciones a nuestra comprensíon en, por lo menos, tres campos diferentes de la intervención gubernamental, del cálculo económico bajo el socialismo y del desarrollo de la estructura social. No es probable que volvamos a ver a un académico de tan amplio dominio en las ciencias humanas.
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Hayek's good fortune was that he lived to see his ideas proven right and those of his opponents shown to be relics of a bygone era. Not only has socialism and the planned society been shown to be theoretically untenable, the collapse of communism has demonstrated the practical impossibility of the social engineer's designing fantasies. The world, with the help of Hayek's ideas, may finally complete the task of rising up from serfdom.
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The Intellectuals and Socialism was published in 1949 but, apart from one reference in one sentence, there is nothing to say it could not have been written 40 years later, just before Hayek's death. It might have been written 40 years earlier but for the fact that, as a young man, he felt the over-generous instincts of socialism. When Hayek penned his thoughts, socialism seemed triumphant across the world. Anybody of enlightened sensibility regarded themselves as of 'The Left'. To be of 'The Right' was to be morally deformed, foolish, or both.
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Hayek gives the main arguments for the free-market case and presents his manifesto on the "errors of socialism." Hayek argues that socialism has, from its origins, been mistaken on factual, and even on logical, grounds and that its repeated failures in the many different practical applications of socialist ideas that this century has witnessed were the direct outcome of these errors. He labels as the "fatal conceit" the idea that "man is able to shape the world around him according to his wishes."
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In short, Hayek demonstrates the natural contradiction between a command economy and freedom, and the inevitable descent of socialism into dictatorship. The accuracy of his forecasts of the long-term results of communism were strange, and a strong warning against attempting this system yet again.
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Hayek provides an excellent refutation of the central errors of socialism. The reader might want to compare his approach with that of von Mises in THE ANTI-CAPITALISTIC MENTALITY and PLANNED CHAOS, which covers similar territory from a somewhat different approach.
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