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Franz Joseph Haydn: Works
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For the more conventional string quartet Haydn wrote some 83 works, described originally as divertimenti, but later dignified by the more serious title by which they are generally known. Once again nicknames reflect the continued popularity of many of these works. Sets of named quartets include the Sun Quartets of 1772, Op. 20, the Russian Quartets written in 1781, Op. 33, and including "The Joke" and "The Bird", the Prussian Quartets of 1787, Op. 50, much influenced by Mozart and including "The Frog". There are three sets of Tost Quartets, Opp. 54, 55 and 64, bearing the name of the Esterháza violinist turned business-man Johann Tost. The Tost Quartets include "The Razor" and "The Lark".
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In 1955 the Joseph Haydn Institute was founded in Cologne, Germany. The purpose was to publish the complete works of Joseph Haydn. This institute has ... done a great job of research with regard to the authenticity of several compositions. The compositions are published by G. Henle Verlag, P.O.Box 71 04 66, D-81545 München Germany.
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Haydn was in his 60s when his wife died, and he wasn't as strong as he was before. In this way, he couldn't work on music very much. Austria and France were fighting a war, and The Creation was very famous now. Haydn was watching through his window. A French soldier stopped by and sang a small part of The Creation. They embraced each other and each knew that music was much more important than winning a war.
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In 1802, an illness from which Haydn had been suffering for some time had increased in severity to the point that he became physically unable to compose. This was doubtless very difficult for him because, as he acknowledged, the flow of fresh musical ideas waiting to be worked out as compositions did not cease. Haydn was well cared for by his servants, and he received many visitors and public honours during his last years, but they could not have been very happy years for him. During his illness, Haydn often found solace by sitting at the piano and playing Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser, which he had composed himself as a patriotic gesture in 1797.[28] This melody later was used for the Austrian and German national anthems.
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At this time ... Haydn was offered a biblical text for an oratorio on the subject of the Creation, which had been originally prepared for Handel. Haydn, although well into his sixties, accepted the challenge, and ‘The Creation'– the crowning glory of his later years – was first performed in April 1798, in Vienna. He followed this in 1801 with another oratorio ‘The Seasons', and it was not long before both works were being performed throughout Europe.
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Haydn's work was central to the development of what came to be called sonata form. His practice... differed in some ways from that of Mozart and Beethoven, his younger contemporaries who likewise excelled in this form of composition. Haydn was particularly fond of the so-called "monothematic exposition", in which the music that establishes the dominant key is similar or identical to the opening theme. Haydn also differs from Mozart and Beethoven in his recapitulation sections, where he often rearranges the order of themes compared to the exposition and uses extensive thematic development.[38]
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