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Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Presidents
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Cordell Hull of Tennessee served as secretary of state from 1933 to 1944, but Roosevelt's desire to engage in personal diplomacy left Hull in a reduced role. In 1933 the president's "bombshell message" to the London Economic Conference, saying that the United States would not participate in international currency stabilization, ended any immediate hope of achieving that objective. In the same year he extended diplomatic recognition to the USSR, still a relative outcast in world diplomacy.
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Aware of the President's failing health, Democrats urged Roosevelt to drop Henry Wallace because of his extreme liberalism and "friendly" attitude toward communist beliefs. Roosevelt balked at first, but eventually replaced him with Harry Truman. Over the years Roosevelt's commanding lead in elections had been diminishing, but the President still garnered 53.8% of the popular vote. He did... drop 12 states to opponent Thomas E. Dewey. Franklin Delano Roosevelt became the first president to be elected to 4 terms.
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Easily winning re-election in 1936, Roosevelt became the first U.S. President to be inaugurated after the adoption of the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Prior to this, presidents had been sworn into office on March 4th, but he was inaugurated on January 20th in 1937.
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Roosevelt was the Assistant Secretary of the Navy under Woodrow Wilson. He was nominated the vice presidential candidate under James M. Cox in 1920. Cox and Roosevelt lost to Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge.
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It was a despairing campaign; but in one respect it was a beginning rather than an ending for Roosevelt. He made a much more noticeable campaign effort than the presidential candidate. He covered the nation by special trains, speaking many times a day, often from back platforms, and getting acquainted with local leaders everywhere. He had learned the professional politician's breeziness, was able to absorb useful information, and had an infallible memory for names and faces. The defeat was decisive; but Roosevelt emerged as the most representative Democrat.
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Roosevelt ran for vice-president (1920) and lost. Stricken with polio (1921), which left his legs paralyzed, he was still twice elected Governor of New York. In 1932, he defeated Herbert Hoover for President.
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