LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Democratic Congress
built 633 days ago
In the 1930s, Roosevelt's foreign policy was subordinated to the needs of internal economic recovery. Despite passage in 1934 of the Trade Agreements Act, which authorized reciprocal tariff reductions, the decade was characterized by international economic warfare. Congress enacted neutrality legislation intended to prevent U.S. involvement in the event of another world war. The president sought to improve relations with Latin America through his Good Neighbor Policy.
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Such setbacks did not prevent Roosevelt from sweeping to victory in the 1936 presidential election, carrying every state bar two against his Republican opponent, Kansas Governor Alf Landon. He amassed almost 28 million votes against less than 17 million for Landon. Although he was to be elected to the presidency twice more, this election constituted Roosevelt's high point in the domestic politics of the USA. Thereafter, he was not to achieve the success he had in his first term. He sought to limit the Supreme Court by introducing a bill giving him power to appoint a new justice for every existing justice over the age of 70. Congress rejected his "court packing" proposal.
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Campaigning for reelection in 1940 against Wendell Willkie, a relatively progressive Republican who agreed with some of his policies, Roosevelt said misleadingly that he would not send American boys to fight in foreign wars. Many persons, including some leaders of the Democratic party, were not in favor of giving the president an unprecedented third term, and his margin fell sharply from his previous reelection. Nevertheless, he still defeated Willkie handily by margins of 27,243,466 to 22,334,413 in the popular vote and 449 to 82 in the electoral vote.
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Determined to overcome the opposition of conservative Democrats in Congress (mostly from the South), Roosevelt involved himself in the 1938 Democratic primaries, actively campaigning for challengers who were more supportive of New Deal reform. His targets denounced Roosevelt for trying to take over the Democratic party and used the argument that they were independent to win reelection. Roosevelt failed badly, managing to defeat only one target, a conservative Democrat from New York City.[57]
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Roosevelt ... was a candidate for Vice President of the United States, serving as running mate to Ohio Governor James M. Cox on the Democratic ticket in 1920. The Cox/Roosevelt ticket was defeated by the Republican ticket of Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge.
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Roosevelt ... kept his promise to push for repeal of Prohibition. In April 1933, he issued an Executive Order redefining 3.2% alcohol as the maximum allowed. That order was preceded by Congressional action in the drafting and passage of the 21st Amendment, which was ratified later that year.
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