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Francisco Pizarro
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Francisco Pizarro is the Spanish conquistador known for conquering Peru's Inca Empire and founding the city of Lima in 1535. Little is known about his early years, but it's thought he was an illiterate adventurer who went to the New World in 1502 and spent many years in what is now Central America, especially Panama. (He was with Vasco Nuñez de Balboa in 1513 when Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama and sighted the Pacific Ocean.) From Panama he attempted expeditions to Peru in 1524 and 1526, the latter with future rival Diego de Almagro. In 1531 he set out from Panama with a small force of under 200 men and crossed the mountains into Peru, where he defeated the Incas and in 1533 executed their emperor Atahualpa. He set up a puppet government and went about building a capital city at Lima. Pizarro and his brothers then fought Almagro and his supporters over territorial rights, and in 1538 Pizarro had Almagro executed after the Battle of Las Salinas.
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Francisco Pizarro's ambition was overflowing, he was the biggest investor in the conquest of Peru. Pizarro obtained big benefits from the takeover. In 1540 he had 27,000 natives that paid him taxes; productive mines of gold in Cuquiabo and silver in Porco, houses, land, plantations, mills, livestock and slaves. Great fortune that was sent to Spain. Peru was a great business for Pizarro and his siblings. There was an agreement between the Crown and Pizarro.
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In 1530 Francisco Pizarro sailed from Panama with his half-brothers Hernando, Juan, and Gonzalo and two hundred men, landed on the coast of Ecuador, and after a long expedition they entered Peru in September of 1532. Finding an empire weakened by civil war and ripe for conquest, the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro began his march through mosquito-infested swamps and hostile local populations in. Finally reaching the highland capital of Cajamarca, Peru, they wasted little time in massacring the royal guard and kidnapping the Inca Atahualpa. From captivity, Atahualpa gave the order for his half-brother Huáscar to be killed, in hopes this would secure his safety with Pizarro. Then, to further please the gold-happy conquistadores, Atahualpa offered a roomful of the glittering metal as ransom.
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In 1541 the Wheel of Fortune turned against Francisco Pizarro, and the conquistador reaped a bit of what he had sown. After the fall of Cuzco in 1533, the Pizarro brothers had cut their rival, Diego de Almagro, out of much of the booty. By way of compensation, Francisco offered him Chile, and the Spaniard marched off in hopes of conquest and gold. He returned two years later, having found no fortune, and helped suppress Manco. His quarrel with the Pizarros led to a battle between their factions at Las Salinas on April 26, 1538. Captured, the defeated Almagro was garroted on Hernando's order.
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Francisco Pizarro was born in Trujillo, Spain in 1474, the illegitimate son of a nobleman. In 1519, Pizarro joined an expedition to settle Panama, where he gained a reputation as a valiant and successful soldier. He became a relatively wealthy middle-aged man, but when he heard rumors of a treasure-laden, indigenous civilization south of Panama, he began work on an expedition. His first expedition in 1524 was unsuccessful, but on their second trip in 1526, they found a raft filled with gold and jewels. The third expedition led Pizarro's army into the mainland of South America, eventually destroying the Inca civilization forever.
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The discoverer and conqueror of Peru, Francisco Pizarro was born at Trujillo in Estremadura, Spain, about 1471 (or 1475). He was an illegitimate son of Gonzalo Pizarro, who as colonel of infantry afterwards served in Italy under Gonsalvo de Cordova, and in Navarre, with some distinction. Of Pizarro's early years hardly anything is known; but he appears to have been poorly cared for, and his education was neglected. Shortly after the news of the discovery of the New World had reached Spain he was in Seville, and thence found his way across the Atlantic. There he is heard of in 1510 as having taken part in an expedition from Hispaniola to Uraba under Alonzo de Ojeda, by whom he was entrusted with the charge of the unfortunate settlement at San Sebastian. He accompanied Vasco Nuñez de Balboa (whom he afterwards helped to bring to the block) in the discovery of the Pacific; and under Pedrarias d'Avila he received a repartimento, and became a cattle-farmer at Panama.
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Francisco Pizarro