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1. Fragrance -- Fragrances
   One of the earliest ways to create perfumes was to employ a method known as enfleurage, whereby petals of a desired flower are laid on thin layers of purified fats to extract small quantities of fragrance chemicals from within the petals. The scented fat that results, which was formerly widely utilized both as a kind of ointment and a perfume, was called pomade. Another method, said to be invented by Arabian doctor and chemist Avicenna in the tenth century, involved extracting fragrant oils from flowers by means of distillation, a procedure that continues to be commonly used in modern times. Avicenna's primary focus was apparently the rose, and the perfume he produced, which had a more delicate scent than most others that were available at the time, was known as rose water. Sometime during the Middle Ages, animal substances, including civet, musk, and castoreum, began to be utilized in perfumes as fixatives, and in the 1300s, the first alcohol-containing perfume, known as Hungary water, was designed for Elizabeth, Queen of Hungary.
2. Fragrance -- Products
   The 6 percent increase in total Fragrance business unit sales was driven by an 11 percent increase in both fine and beauty care sales and ingredient sales. The fine and beauty care sales benefited from both new product introductions and continued success of existing creations. The growth in ingredient sales was attributable to higher volumes. Functional fragrance sales declined by 1 percent.
3. Fragrance -- Perfumes
   Over time, personal use of perfumes began to become popular, especially in Greece, where floral oils were first used and even the dead were provided with a vial of their favorite fragrance to accompany them into the afterlife. The inhabitants of Rome, an empire often associated with extravagance... thoroughly enjoyed perfumes, and the public treasury ensured that the bathhouses they used were continuously stocked with fragrances. Scents were also often applied to pets, such as dogs and horses, which were kept by Romans. After the fall of the Rome, the art of perfumery was essentially lost to Europe, but during the Crusades of the Middle Ages the knowledge was once again obtained from the East.
4. Fragrance -- Scents
   In the booming fragrance market today, literally thousands of manufacturers are synthesizing aromatic fragrance chemicals all around the world. The vast majority of the perfumes produced are... mixtures of synthetic and natural fragrances, which may add softness to the final product, as well as fixatives that may provide pungency as well as the even evaporation of scents. In liquid varieties, the ingredients are typically combined with alcohol, while in cosmetic products, soaps, deodorants, and other solids they are often combined with fatty bases. Many fine perfumes blend more than 100 different ingredients, but are often classified based on the most dominant and noticeable one or more fragrances they contain. The floral class, for instance, may smell of jasmine, rose, or lilac, while the woody group is dominated by scents such as cedarwood and sandalwood. Other key groups of perfumes may be characterized as spicy, citrus, herbal, mossy, Oriental, or aldehydic.
5. Fragrance -- New York
   A fragrance oil lamp is a catalytic diffusion device that purifies the air while imparting a fragrance. The catalytic combustion technology was originally developed in the early 1800s for use in hospitals and mortuaries. Research has shown that it can effectively eliminate up to 85% of bacteria in a room for up to 30 hours after initial operation has stopped. While the medical use of the technology has waned, modern innovation has found a new application for the lamps in homes and offices. Using a neutral lamp fuel a catalytic diffusion lamp eliminates bacteria and various odors (pets, food, tobacco). With fragrance added to the alcohol-based fragrance lamp oil, the catalytic burner lamp becomes a fragrance oil lamp, diffusing aroma into the air while it purifies.
6. Scented Candles -- Fragrances
   Scented candles contain the fragrances of essential oils. This is why a scented candle can be very therapeutic as the scent gives off the healing properties of the oil. A richly scented candle can help you relax as you inhale the aromatic aroma. Light a scented candle when you take a bath and see how easily it helps you to unwind and relax after a long day.
7. Essential Oils
   Essential Oils are one of nature's great gifts. These delicate compounds demand great care in their production - from growing and harvesting of the plant, to distillation of the oil, to care and handling until it arrives at your doorstep. Each pure oil is made up of many, sometimes hundreds, of individual compounds, each one an important part the whole. This is why the entire essential oil making process is important - if any of these compounds were not present in the final oil, the oil would not be of the utmost aroma-therapeutic value. Read more here about the various methods of essential oil extraction.
8. Neem Oil
   Plasma Neem Oil is a cost effective means of pest control. Just 1.25 litres of Plasma Neem Oil is required per spraying for the protection of 1 hectare of crop (16 fl.oz. per acre).
9. Essential Oils -- Miscellaneous
   Rosemary Essential Oil is extracted by steam distillation from the flowering herb. It has a piercing, fresh, minty-herb aroma with a slight woody undertone. Rosemary blends with black pepper, citrus, cedarwood, ginger, lavender, lavandin, peppermint, spice, tea tree and thyme. Avoid if pregnant, are epileptic or have high blood pressure. Use in moderation.
10. Aromatherapy -- Essential Oil
    Aromatherapy is a term created in the 1920’s by the French scientist Rene Maurice Gattefosse for the use of essential oils in the treatment of disease. The essential oil... known as the essence of the oil, is the process of extracting the chemical properties of that oil so that it may be used for treatment. In France some essential oils cannot be used without a doctor’s prescription. In other countries around the world, including the United States, aromatherapy is not recognized as a viable form of treatment for any disease.

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