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Fourth-Generation Programming Language
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Fifth-generation programming language (5GL) is a programming language based around solving problems using constraints given to the program, rather than using an algorithm written by a programmer. Most constraint-based and logic programming languages and some declarative languages are fifth-generation languages. Fifth-generation languages are used mainly in artificial intelligence research. Prolog, OPS5, and Mercury are the best known fifth-generation languages.
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Prolog is the major example of a fourth generation programming language supporting the declarative programming paradigm. The Japanese Fifth-Generation Computer Project, announced in 1981, adopted Prolog as a development language, and thereby focused considerable attention on the language and its capabilities. The programs in this tutorial are written in "standard" (University of) Edinburgh Prolog, as specified in the classic Prolog textbook by authors Clocksin and Mellish (1981,1992). The other major kind of Prolog is the PrologII family of Prologs which are the descendants of Marseille Prolog. The reference to Giannesini, et.al. (1986) uses a version of PrologII.
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ACM is written in Microsoft FoxPro, a fourth generation programming language that provides rapid development through extensive generators. Originally written in FoxPro 2.6, it has followed the development of FoxPro through its purchase by Microsoft and to the current version of Visual FoxPro 7.0.
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A widely used Clinical Information System (CIS) was developed in the early 1990’s based on the fourth generation programming language known as EASEL. This language rapidly became untenable because of its failure to move beyond the 16-bit architecture for which it was originally developed. The Web Clinical Information System (WebCIS) was designed to:
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PMMIS is a fully integrated business support system developed almost entirely in CA-IDEAL, a fourth generation programming language, and CA-DATACOM, a relational mainframe database. The Financial subsystem, a purchased accounting package from Dunn & Bradstreet (D&B), is written in COBOL. The UR/QA subsystem is written in CA-IDEAL and COBOL II.
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SQL contrasts with the more powerful database-oriented fourth-generation programming languages such as Focus or SAS... in its relative functional simplicity and simpler command set. This greatly reduces the degree of difficulty involved in maintaining SQL source code, but it also makes programming such questions as 'Who had the top ten scores?' more difficult, leading to the development of procedural extensions, discussed above. However, it also makes it possible for SQL source code to be produced (and optimized) by software, leading to the development of a number of natural language database query languages, as well as 'drag and drop' database programming packages with 'object oriented' interfaces. Often these allow the resultant SQL source code to be examined, for educational purposes, further enhancement, or to be used in a different environment.
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Fourth-Generation Programming Language