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Fascism: Fascist Italy
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Fascism is a kind of government. In fascism, the country is considered more important than any one person. A country under this kind of government is usually run by a person called a dictator, who has the right of total control over the government and people. Even though most fascists would agree in theory that the country is the most important thing, fascists in real life act like the things that the dictator wants are more important than anything else in the country or even human life.
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Fascism is capitalism at the stage of impotent imperialism. War can create markets that would not otherwise exist by wrecking massive devastation on a society, which then requires reconstruction! Fascism can ... "liberate" the survivors, provide huge loans to that society so fascist corporations can begin the process of rebuilding.
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Fascism was constantly in the making, eternally half-baked, subject to violent permutations, mutations, and transformations. Fascist movements were "processual" and... in permanent revolution (rather, since fascism was based on the negation of other social forces, in permanent civil war). It was a utopian movement in search of a utopia. Many of the elements of a utopia were there - but hopelessly mangled and mingled and without any coherent blueprint.
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Fascism finds unconscious helpers in all those who say that the "physical struggle" is impermissible or hopeless, and demand of Doumergue the disarmament of his fascist guard. Nothing is so dangerous for the proletariat, especially in the present situation, as the sugared poison of false hopes. Nothing increases the insolence of the fascists so much as "flabby pacificism" on the part of the workers' organizations. Nothing so destroys the confidence of the middle classes in the working-class as temporizing, passivity, and the absence of the will to struggle.
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Fascism is named after the fasces, which is an old Roman Empire name for a group of sticks tied together. It is easy to break one stick in half. It is very hard to break many sticks tied together in half. Fascists think that everyone following the same leader makes the country strong the same way the sticks are. In real life, fascist governments did not last for a long time, either because people got tired of being oppressed and had a revolution or the fascist party provoked a war with other countries that they then lost. Both things happened at the same time in Italy in 1943.
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Fascism is an authoritarian form of government opposed to extending civil liberties (and even curtailing or removing existing ones) in exchange for radical empowerment of business and economy. Fascist countries usually have elite armies, and see war as a sport or honour event. Lax views on imperialism, a holier-than-thou immigration discrimination policies (first generation immigrants to work for half minimum wage), and everything 'for the state'.
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Fascist Italy