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Falklands War: Argentina
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The Falklands War (in Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas, or the Malvinas War) was a conflict between Argentina and the United Kingdom over the Falkland Islands between March and June 1982. Though surprised by an Argentinian attack on the islands, Britain eventually prevailed and the islands remained in British hands, in accordance with the wishes of the inhabitants. In Argentina, the conclusion of the war led to the downfall of the military junta and the restoration of a system of democracy.
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The Falklands War was one that one side bet would never happen. The generals who ran Argentina were losing whatever support they had been able to beat out of their country, a situation aggravated by a stumbling economy. Giving up power was hardly an option the junta, so it played the nationalism card, specifically las Islas Malvinas, known to most of the rest of the world as the Falklands.
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The Falklands War refers to the war between Argentina and the United Kingdom over some rocks with some sheep and people on them. These islands are called "The Falklands" but Argentina refers to them as the "Islas Malvinas" which means "not the Falklands" in Argentinianese.
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A reporter for Clarín, one of Argentina's national newspapers, attended a commemorative ceremony to mark the war's anniversary in the Falklands yesterday and was struck by how low-key and nearly silent it turned out to be. Meanwhile, at the Argentine cemetery in Darwin, on East Falkland, the largest island of the Falklands group, "[w]here once there were rows of white wooden crosses, personalized with rosary beads, artificial flowers and even photographs placed there by relatives, there are now stone tablets listing the names of the dead but without their ranks. The place has in effect been demilitarized by the Argentin[e] families who maintain it." (Times)
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The strength of the government was ... validated during The Falklands War. Margaret Thatcher and her War Cabinet were a strong force to be reckoned with. The British Government's case with Argentina stated that, "the seizure of the islands at the start of April 1982 was a blatant breach of international law, which stresses the need for the peaceful resolution of international disputes and condemns unprovoked aggression" (Freedman 109). The War Cabinet held many debates within Parliament, and sought advice from ally countries such as The United States, Japan and Canada. All in all, the War Cabinet made their own decisions, and ultimately their "failure of diplomacy to prevent war resulted in a major boost for British international prestige" (Parsons 157). Other countries admired Great Britain's handling of the Falklands situation.
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The war was triggered by the occupation of South Georgia by Argentina on 19 March 1982 followed by the occupation of the Falklands, and ended when Argentina surrendered on 14 June 1982. War was not actually declared by either side. The initial invasion was considered by Argentina as the re-occupation of its own territory, and by Britain as an invasion of a British overseas territory, and the most recent invasion of British territory by a foreign power.
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