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1. History of Astronomy
   The history of astronomy took a dramatic turn in the 16th century as a result of the Polish astronomer, Nicolaus Copernicus. He showed that the motion of the planets can be explained by assuming a central position for the Sun rather than for the Earth (he believed Aristarchus’ theory!).
2. Philippine History
   The teaching of Philippine History is hounded by numerous controversies and fallacies which have come to light in recent times. The conference aims to gather historians and teachers of history to discuss the matter. In holding this conference, the PHA aims to achieve the following objectives:
3. History of Algeria
   In this history of the Spanish Civil War, the author focuses on the social and political developments within the Republican camp in Catalonia. Mr Godicheau aims to go beyond what he considers a strongly politicized historiography of the factional political and ideological struggles on the Republican side. He sketches how the initial social revolution led by the anarchist movement in Catalonia was gradually turned back by a growing tendency towards authoritarianism both among the communist factions and within the libertarian and anarchist factions, as well as within the Confederacíon Nacional del Trabajo (CNT). See ... Cesar M. Lorenzo's review in this volume, pp. 510-513.
4. History of Surgery
   In the univariate analysis, prostatism (in men), a history of surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm, and infection were identified as risk factors for recurrence (data not shown). The results of the multivariate analysis of these factors together with the type of repair, age, size of hernia, and primary hernia or first recurrence of hernia are shown in Table 3. In this analysis, suture repair, infection, prostatism (in men), and history of surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm were all identified as independent risk factors for recurrence. After adjustment for the other factors, mesh repair was found to result in a 57 percent lower rate of recurrence (95 percent confidence interval, 19 to 77 percent; P=0.009) than suture repair. The difference in rates of recurrence between the suture-repair group and the mesh-repair group was not affected by the size of the hernia.
5. Kentucky History
   The Kentucky Historical Society's headquarters, the Thomas D. Clark Center for Kentucky History, was completed in April 1999. This 167,000-square-foot, $29-million facility in downtown Frankfort serves as headquarters for the Historical Society. The Center has welcomed more than a million visitors and earned many awards for excellence.
6. History of Australia
   Ernest Scott’s influential A Short History of Australia, (London: Oxford, 1916) remained a standard school text for nearly four decades. It sold 40,000 copies in its first ten years and went through six editions in its author's lifetime. His History was ... translated into Japanese in 1943 and reissued in 1950 with an additional chapter by Herbert Burton.
7. History of Parapsychology
   Robert Jütte, born in 1954, is currently Director of the Institute for the History of Medicine of the Robert Bosch Foundation and Adjunct Professor of History at the University of Stuttgart. From 1983 to 1989 he was Associate Professor at the Department of General History of the University of Haifa, Israel. A social and medical historian and the author or editor of over 20 books, he has published extensively on German and European urban, cultural, medical and social history. His most recent book in German is Geschichte der Alternativen Medizin (Munich, 1996). He is the editor of the journal Medizin, Gesellschaft und Geschichte. He is a member of the Scientific Board of the German Medical Association and Secretary of the European Association for the History of Medicine and Health (since 1995) as well as vice-president of the German Society for Jewish Studies (since 1999).
8. History of the Netherlands
   The part called 'history and description of the foreign possessions' (E 4780-4984) primarily relates to the activities of the Dutch East India Company and the Dutch West India Company. Highlights of this collection are mentioned in the exhibition catalogue Reistogten om den Aardkloot (Amsterdam: Bibliotheek KNAW, 1995). The following overview is restricted to works which did not constitute part of this exhibition.
9. History of Physics -- Work
   [H]e gave up active work in mathematics and became interested in the teaching of mathematics in general (... in high school), in applied mathematics, and in the history of mathematics. He brought Hilbert to Göttingen and thus established the famous school of mathematics there. There is a collection of books (in German), which have yellow bindings and therefore used to be called “Gelbe Gefahr” (Yellow Peril), which contain his lectures. Klein’s lectures on the history of mathematics in the nineteenth century have been published in two volumes of this collection. Klein was a great man who could pull divergent views together and give a unified picture of what went on in mathematics. The second volume contains a discussion of the geometric foundations of the special theory of relativity, in which Klein was particularly interested.
10. History of the United Kingdom
    Saltmaking encompasses much of the history of the United Kingdom, particularly in the Cheshire area. Medieval European records document saltmaking concessions. On the Continent, Venice rose to economic greatness through its salt monopoly. Saltmaking was important in the Adriatic/Balkans region as well (the present border between Slovenia and Croatia) where Tuzla in Bosnia-Herzegovina is actually named for "tuz," the Turkish word for salt. So is Salzburg, Austria, which has made its four salt mines major tourist attractions. Bolivia's salt producing region is a tourist attraction with one hotel constructed entirely of salt and fascinating salt-bearing caravans of llamas.

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