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Etruscans: Cultures
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The origin of the culture of the Etruscans would be the more interesting question, but even in this area the conquered people may have retained some elements of the old culture. This could have included the language or some substanial share of the language. For example, the origin of the Bulgarian state is from the conquest of a Slavic people by the Bulgar Turks who had previously resided about a thousand miles to the east. The language of the Bulgarians is the Slavic language of the conquered people and the about the only residue of the conquerors in Bulgaria is the name of the people and the country.
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''The Etruscans seem to be quite different in many ways from other ancient Italians, and archaeological evidence indicates that they spoke a non-Indo-European language,'' Mountain said. ''Because of the cultural and linguistic shifts, scholars see the Etruscans as an enigma.''
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The Etruscans had a most fascinating sub-terranean culture. Their belief in the afterlife, made it important to bury the dead with everything they might need for life after death. In Chiusi, a maze of underground tunnels is believed to have housed the mythical tomb of King Porsenna. Chiusi's underground tunnels contain an extraordinary storehouse of names bearing similarities with surnames still in use nowadays, and the Etruscan heritage is still found as an influence in the cuisine, and even in the DNA of the local population.
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When people raise the question of the origins of the Etruscans they are primarily concerned with the distinctive features of Etruscan culture. Although it is not clear where these cultural features came from it is clear that there is a strong possibility that they came from the Middle East.
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Long before the days of Rome's greatness, Italy was the home of a people far advanced in civilization—the Etruscans, or Tyrrhenians. These people rose to prosperity and power, then almost vanished from recorded history, leaving unsolved many questions about their origin and culture.
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It seems that most of the experts have now rejected the idea of Lydian origins for the Etruscans. Pallottino writes, "In our view, there can no longer be any doubt that Villanovan culture marks the earliest expression of the civilisation of the already established Etruscan people."[20] Ramage and Ramage claim that there "used to be a debate" and conclude that "the Etruscans were not transplanted Lydians, but local people, formally called Villanovans, eagerly responding to external cultural influences from the east."[21] Based on the evidence that has been considered above, it seems fitting to agree with those who make a case for the autocthonous origin of the Etruscans, simply because there is not enough concrete evidence for an Aegean origin, and that there is such a close parallel with the Villanovan predecessors. This means, of course, that more work should be done on how the Villanovans progressed within their own culture and developed into such a burgeoning society as the Etruscans.
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