LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Ethics: Ethics Commission
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The commission then issued an order to restrain APA from disseminating and enforcing a number of sections of its ethics code. Rather than contest the FTC's efforts in court, APA entered into what was described as an agreement to make "emergency" changes in its code ("Report of the Ethics Committee," 1991, p. 751). Publication of the revised code included a card indicating that the Board of Directors, on June 2, 1989, had rescinded and would stop enforcing certain formal ethical standards. The association had agreed to drop its ethical standards in regard to the following portions of the 1981 code: 4.b.iii, 4.b.v, 4.b.vi, 4.b.vii, 4.b.viii, and sections of 6.d and 7.b. The latter two sections had previously prohibited psychologists from paying colleagues to refer patients to them (and accepting such payments, sometimes known as "kickbacks," from colleagues in exchange for steering people who are seeking help to those colleagues) and from offering their own services directly to a person who is already receiving similar services from a colleague (APA, 1990).
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By far the most common way to approach applied ethics is by resolving individual cases. This is, not coincidentally... the way business and law tend to be taught. Casuistry is one such application of case-based reasoning to applied ethics. Almost all American states have tried to discourage dishonest practices by their public employees and elected officials by establishing an Ethics Commission for their state.
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The Commission's edited ethics and lobbying advisory opinions are now available under the appropriate advisory opinion links. In addition, the Commission has published its 2007 Lobbying Newsletter containing summaries of all advisory opinions issued through December 31, 2007.
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