LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Ethernet: Ethernet Mac
built 645 days ago
While repeaters could isolate some aspects of Ethernet segments, such as cable breakages, they still forwarded all traffic to all Ethernet devices. This created practical limits on how many machines could communicate on an Ethernet network. Also as the entire network was one collision domain and all hosts had to be able to detect collisions anywhere on the network the number of repeaters between the farthest nodes was limited. Finally segments joined by repeaters had to all operate at the same speed, making phased-in upgrades impossible.
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Ethernet uses the CSMA/CD technology to broadcast each frame onto the physical medium (wire, fiber, etc.). All stations attached to the Ethernet are "listening," and the station with the matching destination address accepts the frame and checks for errors. Ethernet is a data link protocol (MAC layer protocol) and functions at layers 1 and 2 of the OSI model.
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Each device in an Ethernet network is uniquely identified by a 48 bit (6 bytes) address called Ethernet address. Ethernet address is ... known as Media Access Control (MAC) address. Ethernet addresses are represented as six pairs of hexadecimal digits separated by a colon. Ethernet address are buried in the network adapter by the manufacturer. A Ethernet address of a device cannot be changed. Example: 00:60:08:11:B1:AB, 00:00:c0:5e:83:0e
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Ethernet is wired in a star configuration with a hub or switch in the middle. Hubs, which predated switches, are shared media devices. All stations attached to the hub share the total bandwidth. Switches provide each sender and receiver pair with the full bandwidth and are significantly faster than hubs (see switched Ethernet). Like the client machines, Ethernet switches and hubs ... support 10/100 and 10/100/1000 speeds.
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Ethernet provides a reliable and open network infrastructure that allows the various systems used with today's manufacturing automation applications to communicate effectively, resulting in a highly synchronized operation. For large-scale or outdoor manufacturing sites, long distance transmission requirements between communication points can be easily met. One option available is to integrate optical fiber into the Ethernet network. Moxa offers complete product lines—including versatile industrial Ethernet switches, wireless Ethernet, Ethernet to fiber media converters, and industrial video servers—that are ideal for setting up diverse manufacturing automation applications, such as for machine building, mining, metal refinery, petrochemical plants, and semiconductors, by equipping the systems with a reliable and efficient network.
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The new Hirschmann MACH1000 rugged substation Ethernet switches deliver superlative, standards-compliant performance, in a compact form factor. These switches offer high port density (up to 26 ports), excellent RFI/EMI shielding under extreme conditions, and the flexibility to accommodate any network topology.
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