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Espionage: Information
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Espionage, by a citizen of the target state, is generally considered to be a form of treason. In many countries espionage is a crime punishable by death or life imprisonment. For example, espionage is still a capital crime in the USA; ... the death penalty is rarely used in espionage cases in the U.S. since the government will bargain away a death penalty sentence in exchange for information.
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Espionage is the secret gathering of information about a rival, but very often the spying is done on friendly or neutral countries as well. There is ... a type of intelligence gathering called industrial espionage: the stealing of trade secrets from one company by another in order to profit by the information.
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Espionage is the practice of obtaining information about an organization or a society that is considered secret or confidential (spying) without the permission of the holder of the information. What differentiates espionage from other forms of intelligence work is that espionage involves obtaining the information by accessing the place where the information is stored or accessing the people who know the information and will divulge it through some kind of subterfuge.
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