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Esperanto: Letters
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The Esperanto alphabet has 28 letters. 22 of them are the same as in English. There are no letters Q, W, X, and Y. There are six letters that do not exist in English: Ĉ, Ĝ, Ĥ, Ĵ, Ŝ, Ŭ.
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Esperanto contains six letters not included in any standard European character set. The missing letters cause some difficulty in using Esperanto on a computer, as they are not available in most standard European character sets.
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Spelling conventions are somewhat similar to Polish, though Zamenhof came up with a number of new letters for Esperanto (Ĉĉ, Ĝĝ, Ĥĥ, Ĵĵ, Ŝŝ, Ŭŭ). These new letters are not used to write any other langauge and only feature in special Esperanto fonts or in Unicode fonts, so are often replaced with ch, gh, jh or cx, gx, jx, or c', g', j', etc. Zamenhof recognised this problem and favoured using the former method when the special letters were not available.
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The letter x does not occur in Esperanto. In order to write Esperanto one needs six accented characters which are not in the 7-bit or 8-bit ASCII set, and so a practice arose in places such as Usenet newsgroups of using an x to indicate that the previous letter was accented, this being possible because each of the various accented characters used in Esperanto acts upon a different base character from the other accented characters used in Esperanto. What has been here expressed as ux should be a ŭ character.
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