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Eritrea: Red Sea
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Eritrea is located in Eastern Africa in the Horn of Africa, to the North of Ethiopia and bordering the Red Sea in Northeast. It has a mixed Afro-Asiatic population that is divided by religion and language. Eritrea is one of Africa's newest independent nations. The former Italian and British colony gained formal independence from Ethiopia, its last colonizer, in 1993. But independence did not end the wars in Eritrea. Conflicts with Yemen and Ethiopia followed.
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Eritrea is located in eastern Africa, bordering on the Red Sea, Sudan, Ethiopia, and Djibouti. Formerly an Italian colony, Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia in 1952 and later reduced to the status of a province. After 30 years of war with Ethiopia, Eritrea attained independence in 1993. In 1997 the transitional government ratified a Constitution with provisions for a democratic government and protections for human rights, but the Constitution has never been implemented and the transitional government headed by President Issayas remains in power. From 1998 to 2001, Eritrea and Ethiopia fought a bitter war over border issues which are still not resolved. There has been no independent press after 2001.
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Eritrea is locatedon the trade road between the Nile River valley, the Red Sea, and central Ethiopia. Invasions by external powers seeking to control trade included the Ottoman Turks in the16th century, Egypt in the 19th century. Eritrea was gradually united under Italian rule and became an Italian colony on the 1st of January 1890. After Italy's defeat in World War II. Eritrea was administered by Britain from 1941 to 1952, When the UN-supervised referendum was held in April 1993 more than 99 % of Eritrean voters chose independence declared on May 24th, 1993. On May 28th, the country was admitted to full membership in the United Nations
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Eritrea is a country located in the northern part of East Africa, and shares its borders with Sudan, Ethiopia, Djibouti. The east and the northeast of the country has an extensive coastline on the Red Sea, directly across from Saudi Arabia and Yemen. The Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands are ... part of Eritrea. Eritrea is a multilingual and multicultural country, and it has at least two dominant religions and nine ethnic groups. Interestingly, Eritrea has no official language though it has three working languages, namely, Tigrinya, Arabic, and English.
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Eritrea is governed under the transitional constitution of 1993. A new constitution was adopted in 1997 but it has not been fully implemented. The executive branch is headed by the president, who is both head of state and head of government; the president is elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term and is eligible for a second term. There is a unicameral 150-seat National Assembly whose members are to be popularly elected, but legislative (and presidential) elections scheduled for 2001 were not held. Administratively, the country is divided into six regions.
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A former Italian colony in northeast Africa, Eritrea joined a UN-administered federation with Ethiopia in 1952, with a guarantee of democratic rights. Ten years later the state was annexed by Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie, touching off decades of bitter warfare. In 1993 Eritrea achieved independence from its dominating neighbor. After independence, Eritrea plunged into a 1995 war over Red Sea islands with Yemen and then a more devastating border war with Ethiopia in 1998, causing an estimated 100,000 casualties. A peace agreement in 2000 established a UN-patrolled buffer zone along the Eritrean-Ethiopian border.
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