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Eritrea: Peoples
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Eritrea’s population is diverse, reflecting many languages, cultures, and religions. The most widely used languages are Tigrinya, Tigre, and Arabic. Approximately half the population are Tigrinya-speaking Christians who traditionally inhabited the core plateau. Half the population are Muslims, but these are divided among several ethnic and linguistic groups. Muslim Tigre speakers inhabit the northeastern coastal plains and western lowlands, and the Saho live near Massawa and in the foothills of the coastal plain. The majority of the Bilen -speaking people around Keren are Muslims, as are the Afar or Denakil who speak Afar and inhabit the southeastern portion of the coastal plain and the Dahlak Archipelago.
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In early 2004, the last two countries on the continent, Guinea-Bissau and Eritrea, launched mobile services. As early as 2001, Africa became the first continent as a whole where mobile phones outnumbered fixed telephone lines, which individually is the case in most African countries now. Despite this, owning a mobile phone remains a luxury afforded by less than 8% of Africa's 840 million people. This compares to only 3% penetration of fixed-line telephony.
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Now that the conflict is legally put to rest, the people of Eritrea want to leave this awful experience behind them and move on with life afresh. As Carl Bard said, "Though no one can go back and make a brand new start, anyone can start from now and make a brand new ending." What matters is the destination point. The people and Government of Eritrea are committed to turning things around.
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Prior to the European colonial period, a number of different people occupied present-day Eritrea, though none of them controlled the area. Some of these people established powerful kingdoms. Among them where the Axumite kingdom (1st-9th century AD), the seven Beja's kingdom (8th-13th century AD) and the Bellou kingdom (13th-16th century AD).
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