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Epilepsy: Brain
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Epilepsy is a disorder of the central nervous system resulting in seizures that may have no apparent cause and that happen more than once. More than half the time, the cause of epilepsy is unknown. When the cause can be determined, it is most often due to head injury, infections or a tumor in the brain, a stroke, degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, substance abuse or hereditary factors. About 50 percent of children outgrow their epilepsy by the time they become adults.
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Epilepsy is a disorder that is characterized by the tendency to have seizures over and over again over a period of time, called recurring seizures. A seizure is a sudden disruption of the brain's normal electrical activity, which can cause a loss of consciousness and make the body twitch and jerk, called convulsions.
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Epilepsy can arise as a result of many different conditions that affect the brain. Examples of these conditions include stroke (resulting from a blockage of the blood supply to parts of the brain), complications during childbirth, infections (such as meningitis, encephalitis, cysticercosis, or brain abscess), head trauma, and certain genetic disorders. Often, definite causes of epilepsy cannot be identified; in these instances, the cause may be labeled "idiopathic" or "cryptogenic." Hereditary factors may contribute to the development of idiopathic epilepsy.
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Medtronic, Inc. is sponsoring an investigational study of the Intercept™ Epilepsy Control System, the company's direct brain stimulation therapy for patients with refractory epilepsy. Epilepsy is a condition that affects 2.3 million Americans, and about one-third of these patients is refractory, or continues to experience seizures despite a wide range of treatment options.
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