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English Civil War: England
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The English Civil War was a truly profound political event in seventeenth century Europe. During this period, the Stuart kingdoms of Scotland, England and Ireland, and the Principality of Wales were ripped apart by religious and political unrest. But the conflict of the 1640s wasn't a purely British phenomenon, it was part of a wider struggle for supremacy between Catholics and Protestants in Europe.
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The term English Civil War appears most commonly in the singular form, despite the fact that historians frequently divide the conflict into two or three separate wars. Although the term describes events as impinging on England, from the outset the conflicts involved wars with and civil wars within both Scotland and Ireland; see Wars of the Three Kingdoms for an overview.
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English foot regiments of the Civil War period were organized with six to twelve companies, each bearing its own color. The field of these colors was sometimes, though not always, the same as the color of the coats worn by the regiment. The color of the Colonel's Company was usually plain, but could be charged with his heraldic badge or a motto. The Cross of St. George, national symbol of England, appeared as a canton in all the other colors. The color of the Lieutenant-Colonel's Company displayed the Cross of St. George only, and the color of the Major's Company was the same with the addition of a "stream blazant" issuing from the lower corner of the canton. The colors of the captains' companies were differenced by devices of various kinds.
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