LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Endometriosis: Tissues
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Endometriosis is the growth of cells similar to those that form the inside of the uterus (endometrial cells), but in a location outside of the uterus. Endometrial cells are the same cells that are shed each month during menstruation. The cells of endometriosis attach themselves to tissue outside the uterus and are called endometriosis implants. The implants are most commonly found on the ovaries, the Fallopian tubes, outer surfaces of the uterus or intestines, and on the surface lining of the pelvic cavity. They can ... be found in the vagina, cervix, and bladder, although less commonly than other locations in the pelvis. Rarely, endometriosis implants can occur outside the pelvis, on the liver, in old surgery scars, and even in or around the lung or brain.
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Endometriosis is a disease that occurs when the cells of the tissue lining the uterus (the endometrium) travel to other parts of the body and begin to grow [Figure 1]. Areas affected by this misplaced tissue may include the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the area behind the uterus, the area between the vagina and rectum, and the pelvis. The misplaced tissue can ... grow on the colon, the wall of the abdomen, the appendix, and the lungs.
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Endometriosis can appear on the fallopian tubes, the ovaries, the outside of the uterus, the peritoneum, or the intestines. Each month this displaced tissue responds to the hormonal changes that regulate your menstrual cycle, engorging itself through the first half of the cycle, and often releasing a small amount of blood in the second half, which causes repeated irritation to the surrounding tissue. Over time this can cause scarring or adhesions to develop in the reproductive organs, pelvis, and intestines. It has been speculated that when the scarring occurs on reproductive organs it can cause infertility.
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Endometriosis refers to the presence of tissue resembling the endometrium or lining of the uterus, but located outside of the uterus. Endometrial growth is not restricted to the reproductive organs. In rare cases, it is ... found adhering to the bladder, bowel, kidneys, and even the lungs. The menstrual flow is also sometimes forced out the ends of the fallopian tubes and into the abdominal cavity. This is one of the explanations for infertility in many endometriosis patients.
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Endometriosis is described as the abnormal growth of endometrial tissue outside the endometrium. Endometrial cells are found in the uterine lining. Triggered by estrogen, each month these cells proliferate and thicken, preparing for the possible arrival of a fertilized egg – what they were made to do. Progesterone continues the process, triggering small blood vessels in the uterus to supply the endometrial cells with more blood. When fertilization and implantation don’t occur, enzymes liquefy the endometrial cells, and the cellular matter flows out of the uterus along with the blood that has been feeding the uterine lining. Endometriosis is classified according to its severity—mild (small, flat patches of endometrial tissue growing outside the uterine lining), moderate (larger, often somewhat raised implants), or severe (inflammation and scarring caused by the unabsorbed blood can create bands of fibrous scar tissue - adhesions - that bind pelvic organs together).
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Endometriosis is named after the tissues lining the uterus, called the endometrium. The uterine endometrium is shed during each menstrual cycle. Endometriosis develops from endometrial tissue that is in the pelvic cavity outside the uterus. This tissue adheres to various pelvic organs, it responds to the hormones of the menstrual cycle (especially estrogen), and sloughs tissue and blood as does the endometrium of the uterus. However, unlike menstrual bleeding, the blood and displaced cells from these abdominal segments of endometrium have no means of being discharged. This results in layers of fibrous tissue developing from the sloughed material which then form masses that can grow to considerable size.
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