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Endometriosis: Ovaries
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Early endometriosis typically occurs on the surfaces of organs in the pelvic and intraabdominal areas. Health care providers may call areas of endometriosis by different names, such as implants, lesions, or nodules. Larger lesions may be seen within the ovaries as endometriomas or chocolate cysts (They are termed chocolate because they contain a thick brownish fluid, mostly old blood). Endometriosis may trigger inflammatory responses leading to scar formation and adhesions. Most endometriosis is found on structures in the pelvic cavity:
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Western science is somewhat at a loss when it comes to understanding why women with endometriosis have fertility problems. Certainly, the scarring and adhesions associated with severe endometriosis can obstruct the path of the egg to the uterus, but women with milder cases can suffer impaired fertility as well. It is possible that dysfunction in the ovary or the hormonal issues that produce luteal phase defect cause problems that lead to endometriosis. (Approximately 27 percent of women with mild endometriosis ... have ovulatory dysfunction or luteal phase defect.) Another theory holds that endometrial implants secrete prostaglandins, which can cause muscle spasms in the reproductive organs and hinder their proper functioning.
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If you suffer from endometriosis, tissue can grow on your ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterine wall. This tissue builds up during menstruation and begins to shed, only the blood has no way of exiting the body. As a result, this discarded blood and tissue remains in the body, causing pain, scar tissue, and organ adhesions.
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The hormone derivative danazol is the medication most frequently used to treat endometriosis. During treatment with danazol, estrogen levels are reduced to the low levels characteristic of natural menopause. This state is sometimes called pseudomenopause. Danazol is an expensive medication which is usually prescribed for six months or more. Unfortunately, large endometriotic cysts of the ovary are generally resistant to the drug.
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This is the best way to diagnose and in most cases to treat the Endometriosis. Laparoscopy is an outpatient procedure in which a small incision is made under the belly button (umbilicus). CO2 gas is inserted into the abdomen to help separate the organs. A small telescope is inserted to view the female reproductive organs, intestines and pelvic wall. The surgeon is then able to see the tissue implants which may have attached themselves to the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterine walls, rectum, bladder and/or pelvic wall.
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Unlike menstrual fluid from the uterus which is shed by the body, blood from the misplaced tissue has nowhere to go, resulting in the tissues surrounding the endometriosis becoming inflamed or swollen. This process can produce scar tissue around the area which may develop into lesions or growths. In some cases, particularly when an ovary is involved, the blood can become embedded in the tissue where it is located, forming blood blisters that may become surrounded by a fibrous cyst.
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