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Emile Zola
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Zola was born in Paris on April 2, 1840, the son of an Italian civil engineer. After his father’s early death, he grew up in poverty. His first job was as a clerk in a publishing house. After 1865 he was able to support himself by writing novels, verse, short stories, and literary and art criticism.
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Zola was brought to trial for criminal libel on 9 June 1899, and was convicted on 23 February, sentenced, and removed from the Legion of Honor. Rather than go to jail, Zola fled to England. Without even having had the time to pack a few clothes, he arrived at Victoria Station on July 19. After his brief and unhappy permanence in London, from October 1898 to June 1899, he was allowed to return in time to see the government fall.
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Friendship with Cezanne and a literary career in Paris in the 1860's led to Zola's interest in the new realist school in art. In 1864 he met Gabrielle Alexandrine Meley who posed for Monet and Cezanne and became his companion and, in 187o, his wife. A series of articles on the Salon of 1866 for L'Evenement marked the start of Zola's courageous defense of Manet in the 1860's. A study in the Revue du XIXe siecle was reprinted for Manet's 1867 exhibition, and Zola protested against the censorship of his lithograph and painting of The execution of Maximilian in 1869. He wanted Manet to illustrate his Tales for Ninon and dedicated the novel Madeleine Ferat to him in 1868, the year in which Manet painted his portrait and possibly one of Gabrielle.
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As expected, as intended, Emile Zola was convicted of slander against the army chiefs on account of the 'letter's' publication, on 23. February 1898. He got the maximum penalty of one year in jail and a fine of 3,000 francs. The sentence was confirmed by the assizes at Versailles on 18. July and Zola fled to Britain.
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Thirdly was Zola's systematic indictment of the Second Empire (1851-1870), the semi-despotic, semi-parliamentary kleptocracy of Louis Bonaparte (Emperor Napoléon III) established by the coup d'etat of December, 1851. Zola had already projected ten novels of the series, and was in the course of finishing the first for publication when the Second Empire suddenly collapsed in the Franco-Prussian war of 1870, the Emperor himself being personally captured near the front lines at Sedan.
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As a celebrity in 1878, Emile Zola bought an estate to the west of Paris and had a 'château' built for himself. It has its own sizeable park, which has a garden and a house for friends and there was - or is - a chalet on a nearby island in the Seine, which is known as the 'plage de Villennes.' There are a number of summer restaurants here and there actually is an open-air pool on the island, right beside the river.
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Emile Zola