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Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Old Woman
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815 - 1902) was the most famous freethinking woman of her day. She spent her life fighting for equal rights for all humanity. It started with slavery. She investigated it, root and branch, and shocked the abolitionists by declaring that the Bible and its clergy were the primary reasons for its existence in America.
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Cady Stanton threw herself into the political drama of the Civil War and with Anthony formed the National Women's Loyal League on behalf of the constitutional abolition of slavery. After the war, the two created deep conflicts among reformers by attempting to link woman suffrage to black suffrage and, when their efforts failed, by criticizing the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments for ignoring woman suffrage. Determined to use the Constitution to enfranchise women, they established in 1869 the National Woman Suffrage Association, forerunner of the organization that eventually secured the Nineteenth Amendment.
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As a young woman, Elizabeth Cady studied at the Troy Female Seminary from 1830 to 1833. She had the best education then available to women. The school offered a strong academic course of studies in addition to the more typical educational options for women at that time—which tended to focus on developing social skills. However, while at Troy, she experienced a nervous collapse
By all accounts, Stanton's "The Solitude of Self" was solely the work of her own mind and pen. Anthony called the speech "the strongest and most unanswerable argument and appeal ever made . . . for the full freedom and franchise of women." The Woman's Journal published the speech on January 23, 1892, and is the source for the text below.
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During the Civil War, Stanton again worked for abolitionism. In 1863 she and Anthony organized the Women's National Loyal League, which gathered more than 300,000 signatures on petitions calling for immediate emancipation. The movement to extend the franchise to African American men after the war... caused her bitterness and outrage, reemphasized the disenfranchisement of women, and led her and her colleagues to redouble their efforts for woman suffrage.
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F[O]r the 1880s and 1890s, Barnes and Burns are correct in portraying Anthony as more cautious than Stanton on some questions. They tell the story of Stanton's creation of the Women's Bible in the 1890s and show the intolerance of other suffragists toward a thinker who was far ahead of her time on many matters. But for this era, too, viewers fail to get the full story. Anthony did, as the filmmakers report, seek an early alliance with the Woman's Christian Temperance Union—a typically savvy move—and Stanton was indeed doubtful. A few years later... Stanton endorsed the WCTU-backed Prohibition Party while Anthony stuck with the Republicans. Without sufficient context of this sort, viewers may be left wondering what "conservative" and "radical" meant within the movement, and how suffrage, the most radical proposal of 1848, came to be seen as a goal around which all women could unite.
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