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Electricity
built 200 days ago
Electricity is a form of energy involving the flow of electrons. All matter is made up of atoms, and an atom has a center, called a nucleus. The nucleus contains positively charged particles called protons and uncharged particles called neutrons. The nucleus of an atom is surrounded by negatively charged particles called electrons. The negative charge of an electron is equal to the positive charge of a proton, and the number of electrons in an atom is usually equal to the number of protons. When the balancing force between protons and electrons is upset by an outside force, an atom may gain or lose an electron.
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Electricity is the movement of charged particles, usually electrons, from one place to another. Materials that electricity can move through easily are called conductors. Most metals, such as iron, copper and , are good of electricity. Other materials, such as rubber, wood and glass, block the flow of electricity. Materials which the flow of electricity are called insulators. Electrical cords are usually made with both conductors and .
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Electricity moves through a complex transmission system. Transformers are located in substations near the electric generating plant. In much the same way that a pump builds up the pressure of water in a hose, transformers step up the electricity voltage to levels ranging from 69,000 to 765,000 volts. The voltage levels depend on the distance the electricity must travel and the amount desired. From the transformers, electricity enters the transmission system. Large lines on towers carry electricity in much the same way that long hoses carry water under great pressure.
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Electricity has been moving in the world forever. Lightning is a form of electricity. It is electrons moving from one cloud to another or jumping from a cloud to the ground. Have you ever felt a shock when you touched an object after walking across a carpet? A stream of electrons jumped to you from that object. This is called static electricity.
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Electricity is used within telecommunications, and indeed the electrical telegraph, demonstrated commercially in 1837 by Cooke and Wheatstone, was one of its earliest applications. With the construction of first intercontinental, and then transatlantic, telegraph systems in the 1860s, electricity had enabled communications in minutes across the globe. Optical fibre and satellite communication technology have taken a share of the market for communications systems, but electricity can be expected to remain an essential part of the process.
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Electricity is conducted through some things better than others do. Its resistance measures how well something conducts electricity. Some things hold their electrons very tightly. Electrons do not move through them very well. These things are called insulators. Rubber, plastic, cloth, glass and dry air are good insulators and have very high resistance.
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